基瓦屬：修订间差异
（没有差异）
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2013年7月30日 (二) 05:43的版本
{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| name = 基瓦多毛怪
Kiwa hirsuta
| image = Kiwa hirsuta.jpg
| regnum = 动物界 Animalia
| phylum = 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
| subphylum = 甲壳亚门 Crustacea
| classis = 软甲纲 Malacostraca
| ordo = 十足目 Decapoda
| subordo = 抱卵亚目 Pleocyemata
| infraordo = 异尾下目 Anomura
| superfamilia = 铠甲虾总科 Galatheoidea
| familia = 基瓦科 Kiwaidae
| familia_authority = Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2006
| genus = 基瓦屬 Kiwa
| genus_authority = Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2006
| species = K. hirsuta
| binomial = Kiwa hirsuta
| binomial_authority = Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2006
| Kiwa | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 科學分類 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Kiwa is a genus of marine decapods living at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The animals are commonly referred to as "yeti lobsters" or "yeti crabs", after the mythical yeti.[1] The genus is placed in its own family, Kiwaidae, in the superfamily Chirostyloidea.[2]
Two species have been described: Kiwa hirsuta discovered in 2005,[1] and Kiwa puravida, discovered in 2006.[3] A third species, known colloquially as the "Hoff crab", has been discovered on the East Scotia Ridge, but is as yet undescribed.[4] although analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA markers confirm that it is genetically distinct from K. hirsuta.[4] The same data suggest a divergence time for the two species of 12 million years ago.[4] In 2011 a very similar morph to the one collected at the East Scotia Ridge was collected from vents on the South West Indian Ridge.[5]
Based on the presence of sulphur-oxidising bacteria on the setae of both K. hirsuta and the new species, they may both feed on bacteria in addition to scavenging.[4] For K. puravida, the bacteria have been identified and the feeding behaviour observed, as well as a cyclical rhythmic motion of the crab documented that is suspected to increase the flow of methane, the bacterial food, towards the bacteria.[3] The two sexes of the new species prefer different temperatures, with males seeming to prefer warmer water and egg-carrying females and juveniles preferring the coldest.[4]
語源
“基瓦屬”這個名詞源於“基瓦屬”這個名詞源於波里尼西亞傳說的貝殼女神基瓦(Kiwa)，儘管毛利人崇拜的男性海神也叫作「基瓦」<[6]。
分類
基瓦屬的第一個物種基瓦多毛怪（Kiwa hirsuta）於2005年在复活节岛以南1500公里的太平洋海底發現之時[7]，无论从形态生物学还是分子生物学的角度出发均无法分入任何现存的科或属中，因此暂独自构成同名的科和属[8]，直到後來科學家在南極發現一種可歸入同科同屬的新物種雪人蟹（Kiwa puravida）[9][10]。基瓦科最初被歸入铠甲虾总科，隨後發現鎧甲蝦類並非單系群，鎧甲蝦總科一分為二，再被歸入劣柱蝦總科。2013年，最新的研究又再把基瓦科獨立出來成為獨自的一個總科。
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 E. Macpherson, W. Jones & M. Segonzac. A new squat lobster family of Galatheoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from the hydrothermal vents of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PDF). Zoosystema. 2006, 27 (4): 709–723.
- ^ K. E. Schnabel, S. T. Ahyong & E. W. Maas. Galatheoidea are not monophyletic – molecular and morphological phylogeny of the squat lobsters (Decapoda: Anomura) with recognition of a new superfamily. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2011, 58 (2): 157–168. PMID 21095236. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.011.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Andrew R. Thurber, William J. Jones & Kareen Schnabel. Dancing for food in the deep sea: bacterial farming by a new species of yeti crab. PLoS ONE. 2011, 6 (11): e26243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026243.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Alex D. Rogers, Paul A. Tyler, Douglas P. Connelly, Jon T. Copley, Rachael James; et al. The discovery of new deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities in the Southern Ocean and implications for biogeography. PLoS Biology. 2012, 10 (1): e1001234. PMID 22235194. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001234.
- ^ Rebecca Morelle. Deep-sea creatures at volcanic vent. BBC News. December 28, 2011.
- ^ Elsdon Best. IV. Cosmogony and Anthropogeny. The Maori - Volume 1. 1924: 89–105.
- ^ 法科学家发现深海怪物 不伦不类种属难定. 2006-03-18 （中文（简体））.
- ^ E. Macpherson, W. Jones & M. Segonzac. A new squat lobster family of Galatheoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) from the hydrothermal vents of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PDF). Zoosystema. 2006, 27 (4): 709–723 （英语）.
- ^ 國家地理雜誌「2012十大發現」 從無腳蚓螈到糖太陽：6.南極海底的「雪人蟹」. ETToday新聞雲. 2012-12-10 [2013-07-06] （中文（繁體））.
- ^ 潛居深海的「雪人蟹」 在鉗子上種細菌自給自足. ETToday新聞雲. 2011-12-05 [2013-07-06] （中文（繁體））.
參看
外部連結
| Kiwa的外部識別符 | |
|---|---|
| EOL | 44677 |
| ITIS | 699875 |
| NCBI | 496070 |
| WoRMS | 249750 |
| 參見：Wikispecies | |
