達爾文獎章：修订间差异
删除的内容 添加的内容
→歷屆得主： // Edit via WikiMirror |
→歷屆得主： // Edit via WikiMirror |
||
| 第24行： | 第24行： | ||
| 1900年 || [[File:Ernst Haeckel.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[恩斯特·海克尔]] || "For his long-continued and highly important work in [[zoology]] all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism." || <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1900|title=Notes|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/063034a0|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|volume=63|issue=1619|pages=34–39|doi=10.1038/063034a0|bibcode=1900Natur..63...34.|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122175614/https://www.nature.com/articles/063034a0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1900|title=Midland Medical Union|journal=[[The BMJ]]|publisher=[[British Medical Association]]|volume=1516|issue=2082|page=1516|pmid=20759293|pmc=2464136|issn=0959-8138}}</ref> |
| 1900年 || [[File:Ernst Haeckel.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[恩斯特·海克尔]] || "For his long-continued and highly important work in [[zoology]] all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism." || <ref>{{Cite journal|date=1900|title=Notes|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/063034a0|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|volume=63|issue=1619|pages=34–39|doi=10.1038/063034a0|bibcode=1900Natur..63...34.|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122175614/https://www.nature.com/articles/063034a0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1900|title=Midland Medical Union|journal=[[The BMJ]]|publisher=[[British Medical Association]]|volume=1516|issue=2082|page=1516|pmid=20759293|pmc=2464136|issn=0959-8138}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1902年 || || [[法蘭西斯·高爾頓]] || "For his numerous contributions to the exact study of [[heredity]] & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings." || |
| 1902年 || [[File:Sir Francis Galton, 1890s.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[法蘭西斯·高爾頓]] || "For his numerous contributions to the exact study of [[heredity]] & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings." || <ref>{{Cite book|last=Galton|first=David J.|url=https://archive.org/details/inourownimageeug0000galt/page/86/mode/2up?|title=In Our Own Image – Eugenics and the Genetic Modification of People|publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-316-85592-1|pages=87|access-date=22 January 2022|url-access=registration|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/francisgaltonlif00forr/page/252/mode/2up?|title=Francis Galton – The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius|publisher=Taplinger Publishing Company|year=1974|isbn=978-0-8008-2682-6|pages=253|access-date=22 January 2022|url-access=registration|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1904年 || [[File:William Bateson.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[威廉·贝特森]] || "For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity." || <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/yearbookroyalso12britgoog/page/n174/mode/2up?|title=Year-book of the Royal Society of London|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|year=1905|volume=9|pages=166|access-date=22 January 2022|url-access=registration|via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wade|first=Michael J.|date=2009|title=William Bateson: Variation, Heredity, and Speciation (Review)|journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]]|publisher=[[Society for the Study of Evolution]]|volume=63|issue=10|page=2769|doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00754.x|jstor=27743433|s2cid=86284443|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
|||
| 1904年 || || [[威廉·贝特森]] || "For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity." || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1906年 || [[File:Hugo de Vries 2.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[许霍·德弗里斯]] || "On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation." || <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Salaries of Professors|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1632229|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|year=1906|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]|volume=24|issue=621|page=671|jstor=1632229|access-date=22 January 2022|jstor-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=East|first=E. M.|date=1936|title=Hugo De Vries (1848–1935)|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20023166|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]]|publisher=[[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]|volume=70|issue=10|page=523|issn=0027-8424|jstor=20023166|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 January 2022|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522204430/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20023166|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
| 1906年 || || [[许霍·德弗里斯]] || "On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation." || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1908年 || [[File:August Weismann.jpg|frameless|120px]] || [[奥古斯特·魏斯曼]] || "On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection." || <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-review-us_1908-12_36/page/534/mode/2up?|title=Educational Review|publisher=[[Society for the Advancement of Education]]|year=1908|pages=534|issn=0190-4191|access-date=22 January 2022|url-access=registration|via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lee|first=Thomas F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBHyBwAAQBAJ|title=The Human Genome Project – Cracking the Genetic Code of Life|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4899-6022-1|pages=43|access-date=22 January 2022|via=[[Google Books]]|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122175619/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Human_Genome_Project/rBHyBwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
| 1908年 || || [[奥古斯特·魏斯曼]] || "On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection." || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| 1910年 || || || "On the ground of his South African [[bionomics|bionomic]] researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin." || |
| 1910年 || || || "On the ground of his South African [[bionomics|bionomic]] researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin." || |
||
2023年5月5日 (五) 07:57的版本
達爾文獎章（Darwin Medal）是英國皇家學會每兩年頒發一次的獎項，表揚“查爾斯·達爾文對於生物學領域公認貢獻，特別是進化、種群生物學、生物生物學和生物多樣性方面”。該獎項於1890年首次頒發，旨在紀念查爾斯·達爾文，得主可獲得2,000英鎊獎金（截至2016年）[1]。
達爾文獎章與大多數皇家學會頒發獎章一樣，開放英聯邦或愛爾蘭候選人。
歷屆得主
| 年度 | 图像 | 得主 | 得奖原因 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1890年 |  |
阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士 | "For his independent origination of the theory of the origin of species by natural selection." | [2] |
| 1892年 |  |
约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克 | "On account of his important contributions to the progress of systematic botany, as evidenced by the "Genera Plantarum" and the "Flora Indica"; but more especially on account of his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in the studies preliminary to the "Origin of Species"." | [3][4] |
| 1894年 | .jpg) |
托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎 | "For his researches in comparative anatomy, and especially for his intimate association with Mr. Darwin in relation to the "Origin of Species"." | [5][6] |
| 1896年 |  |
乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·格拉西 | "For his researches on the life history and societies of the Termitidae, and on the developmental relationship between Leptocephalus and the common eel and other muraenidae." | [7][8] |
| 1898年 |  |
卡尔·皮尔逊 | "For his work on the quantitative treatment of biological problems." | [9][10] |
| 1900年 |  |
恩斯特·海克尔 | "For his long-continued and highly important work in zoology all of which has been inspired by the spirit of Darwinism." | [11][12] |
| 1902年 |  |
法蘭西斯·高爾頓 | "For his numerous contributions to the exact study of heredity & variation contained in "Hereditary Genius", "Natural Inheritance", and other writings." | [13][14] |
| 1904年 |  |
威廉·贝特森 | "For his important contribution to the theory of organic evolution by his researches on variation and heredity." | [15][16] |
| 1906年 |  |
许霍·德弗里斯 | "On the ground of the significance and extent of his experimental investigations in heredity & Variation." | [17][18] |
| 1908年 |  |
奥古斯特·魏斯曼 | "On the ground of his eminent services in support of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural selection." | [19][20] |
| 1910年 | "On the ground of his South African bionomic researches, in large part undertaken as the outcome of correspondence with Charles Darwin." | |||
| 1912年 | 弗朗西斯·达尔文 | "On the ground of his work in conjunction with Charles Darwin, and his researches in vegetable physiology." | ||
| 1914年 | 爱德华·巴格诺尔·波尔顿 | "On the ground of his researches in heredity." | ||
| 1916年 | 伊夫·德拉熱 | "On the ground of researches in zoology and biology." | ||
| 1918年 | "For his valuable researches on vertebrate morphology and palaeontology." | |||
| 1920年 | "On the ground of his work on scientific principles applied to the breeding of plants." | |||
| 1922年 | — | "For his researches in the science of genetics." | ||
| 1924年 | 托马斯·亨特·摩尔根 | "For his valuable work in zoology and more especially his researches on heredity and cytology." | ||
| 1926年 | 达金菲尔德·亨利·斯科特 | "For his contributions to palaeophytology, particularly in relation to the period of coal." | ||
| 1928年 | "For the eminence of his contributions to ecological botany." | |||
| 1930年 | 恩斯特·施密特 | "For his work on extended oceanographical expeditions; and for his genetic studies in animals and plants." | ||
| 1932年 | 卡尔·科伦斯 | "As one of the three independent discoverers of Mendels publications; and for his distinguished researches in genetics." | ||
| 1934年 | 阿尔伯特·查尔斯·苏厄德 | "In recognition of his work as a palaeobotanist." | ||
| 1936年 | "In recognition of his long continued work for the advancement of marine biology, not only by his own researches but by the great influence he has exerted on very numerous investigations at Plymouth." | |||
| 1938年 | "In recognition of his work of acknowledged distinction in the field in which Darwin himself laboured." | |||
| 1940年 | 詹姆斯·彼得·希尔 | "For his contributions to the solution of problems bearing on the inter-relationships of the main groups of the Mammalia and on the phylogenetic history of the primates, a subject with which Charles Darwin himself was much concerned." | ||
| 1942年 | D·M·S·沃特森 | "In recognition of his researches on primitive fishes and amphibians which have much advanced the knowledge of the evolution of these groups of animals." | ||
| 1944年 | 约翰·斯坦利·加德纳 | "In recognition of his work on coral reefs and on the organisms associated with such habitats." | ||
| 1946年 | 达西·汤普森 | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development of biology." | ||
| 1948年 | 羅納德·愛爾默·費雪 | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the theory of natural selection, the concept of its gene complex and the evolution of dominance." | ||
| 1950年 | "" | |||
| 1952年 | 约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹 | "In recognition of his initiation of the modern phase of the study of the evolution of living populations." | ||
| 1954年 | E·B·福特 | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the genetical theory of evolution by natural selection, particularly in natural populations." | ||
| 1956年 | 朱利安·赫胥黎 | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the study and theory of evolution." | ||
| 1958年 | "" | |||
| 1960年 | "" | |||
| 1962年 | 喬治·蓋洛德·辛普森 | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to general evolutionary theory, based on a profound study of palaeontology, particularly of vertebrates." | ||
| 1964年 | "" | |||
| 1966年 | 哈罗德·M·福克斯 | "In recognition of his distinguished and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena." | ||
| 1968年 | "" | |||
| 1970年 | 查尔斯·艾尔顿 | "In recognition of the basic concepts he has contributed to the study of animal ecology which, with his foundation of the Bureau of Animal Population, have had international impact." | ||
| 1972年 | 戴维·赖克 | "In recognition of his distinguished and numerous contributions to ornithology and to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms." | ||
| 1974年 | "" | |||
| 1976年 | "" | |||
| 1978年 | "" | |||
| 1980年 | 休厄尔·赖特 | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to genetics and evolutionary theory." | ||
| 1984年 | 恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔 | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to evolutionary biology." | ||
| 1986年 | 约翰·梅纳德·史密斯 | "In recognition of his outstanding success in combining mathematics with biology to enhance our understanding of evolution, in particular the evolution of sex." | ||
| 1988年 | 威廉·唐納·漢彌爾頓 | "In recognition of his distinguished work on evolutionary theory. His contributions include the theory of kin selection to account for altruistic behaviour and the theoretical demonstration of a link between disease resistance and the evolution of sex." | ||
| 1992年 | 木村資生 | "Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of evolution." | ||
| 1994年 | 彼得·劳伦斯 | "In recognition of his analysis of pattern formation during insect segmentation, and of his contribution to understanding how genetic processes specify spatial information." | ||
| 1996年 | 约翰·苏尔斯顿 | "In recognition of his leadership in the study of genome analysis with the potential to have a profound impact on the whole of biology." | ||
| 2004年 | 恩里科·科恩 | "for their ground-breaking discoveries about the control of flower development. They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of floral form and the evolution of floral development." | ||
| 罗斯玛丽·卡彭特 | ||||
| 2006年 | 尼克·巴頓 | "for his major and extensive contributions to evolutionary biology, characterised by the application of sophisticated mathematical analysis but focussed on developing biological understanding rather than mathematical niceties." | ||
| 2010年 | 布莱恩·坎贝尔·克拉克 | "for his original and influential contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of evolution." | ||
| 2014年 | 约翰·D·萨瑟兰 | "for his novel and convincing work on prebiotic chemistry, in particular his solution to the central problem of nucleoside synthesis." | ||
| 2016年 | 卡洛琳·迪恩 | "for her work addressing fundamental questions in the perception of temperature cues and how modifications in epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in adaptation." |
參考資料
- ^ Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-14）.
- ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica Guide to the 100 Most Influential Scientists – The Most Important Scientists from Ancient Greece to the Present Day. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008: 201 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-1-59339-846-0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
- ^ Macaulay, James; Miller, William Haig; Stevens, William (编). The Leisure Hour 42. W. Stevens. 1893: 503 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
- ^ Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Home Farmer 25. Journal of Horticulture Office. 1892: 483 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
|issue=被忽略 (帮助) - ^ Culverwell, Edward P. A Criticism of the Astronomical Theory of the Ice age
. Nature. 1896, 1036 (1306): 35 [22 January 2022]. S2CID 4038444. doi:10.1038/051033d0 
–通过the Internet Archive.
- ^ Hall, Marie Boas. The Royal Society in Thomas Henry Huxley's Time
. Notes and Records (Royal Society). 1984, 38 (2): 158 [22 January 2022]. JSTOR 531815. PMID 11615965. S2CID 26685508. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1984.0010. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022）.
- ^ Tyagi, B. K. The Invincible Deadly Mosquitoes. Scientific Publishers. 2004: 68 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-93-87741-30-0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
- ^ Berti, Lucia. Scientific Crosscurrents Between Italy and England – Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th–19th centuries (PDF) (PhD论文). University of Milan: 227. 2018–19 [22 January 2022]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于11 May 2020）.
- ^ Knowledge 22. Wyman-Gordon. 1917: 13 [22 January 2022] –通过Internet Archive.
- ^ Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Royal Society. 1896: xvii [22 January 2022].
- ^ Notes. Nature (Royal Society). 1900, 63 (1619): 34–39 [22 January 2022]. Bibcode:1900Natur..63...34.. doi:10.1038/063034a0. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022）.
- ^ Midland Medical Union. The BMJ (British Medical Association). 1900, 1516 (2082): 1516. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2464136 . PMID 20759293.
- ^ Galton, David J. In Our Own Image – Eugenics and the Genetic Modification of People. Little, Brown and Company. 2001: 87 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-0-316-85592-1 –通过Internet Archive.
- ^ Francis Galton – The Life and Work of a Victorian Genius. Taplinger Publishing Company. 1974: 253 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-0-8008-2682-6 –通过Internet Archive.
- ^ Year-book of the Royal Society of London 9. Royal Society. 1905: 166 [22 January 2022] –通过the Internet Archive.
- ^ Wade, Michael J. William Bateson: Variation, Heredity, and Speciation (Review). Evolution (Society for the Study of Evolution). 2009, 63 (10): 2769. JSTOR 27743433. S2CID 86284443. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00754.x .
- ^ The Salaries of Professors. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 1906, 24 (621): 671 [22 January 2022]. JSTOR 1632229 .
- ^ East, E. M. Hugo De Vries (1848–1935). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (American Academy of Arts and Sciences). 1936, 70 (10): 523 [22 January 2022]. ISSN 0027-8424. JSTOR 20023166. （原始内容存档于22 May 2021）.
- ^ Educational Review. Society for the Advancement of Education. 1908: 534 [22 January 2022]. ISSN 0190-4191 –通过the Internet Archive.
- ^ Lee, Thomas F. The Human Genome Project – Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. Springer Publishing. 2013: 43 [22 January 2022]. ISBN 978-1-4899-6022-1. （原始内容存档于22 January 2022） –通过Google Books.
外部链接
- Award winners : Darwin Medal. The Royal Society. [2016-07-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）.