粉红椋鸟:修订间差异
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|Sturnus roseus|(Linnaeus, 1758) |
|Sturnus roseus|(Linnaeus, 1758) |
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|Sturnus asiaticus|Wirsing |
|Sturnus asiaticus|Wirsing |
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|Nomadites|[[Bonaparte]], 1842 |
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'''粉红椋鸟'''({{lang-xm|Pastor roseus}} |
'''粉红椋鸟'''({{lang-xm|Pastor roseus}},英語:{{lang|en|Rosy starling}}、{{lang|en|Rose-coloured starling}}),俗稱'''铁甲兵'''、'''绯椋鸟''',为[[雀形目]][[椋鸟科]]'''粉紅椋鳥屬'''({{Snamei|Pastor}})下唯一的物種。{{r|IOC}}這個物種分佈于[[东欧]]、[[西伯利亚]]、[[西亚]]、[[印度]]、[[斯里兰卡]]以及[[中国大陆]]的[[新疆]]、[[甘肃]]、[[西藏]]、[[上海]]等地,常见于开阔耕地、草原等地以及营巢于石堆、洞穴或地面上。{{r|IOC}} |
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{{cladogram|caption=2008年所建立的[[支序圖]]{{r|Lovette|Zuccon}} |
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|1=[[八哥屬]] |
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|2=[[丝光椋鸟属]] |
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|1=[[亚洲椋鸟属]] |
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|1=[[长冠八哥属]] |
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|2=[[白脸椋鸟属]] |
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|1=[[斑椋鳥屬]] |
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|2=[[北椋鳥屬]] |
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|2='''粉紅椋鳥屬''' |
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|3=[[肉垂椋鸟属]] |
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|2=[[椋鳥屬]] |
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該物種由瑞典博物學家[[卡尔·林奈]]於1758年[[物種描述|描述]],歸於[[鶇屬]]下。{{r|IOC|Linn}}1815年,荷蘭動物學家[[康拉德·雅各·特明克]]建立了粉紅椋鳥屬,是該屬下唯一的成員。{{r|Temminck|HM4}}其學名均來自[[拉丁語]],其中屬名{{Snamei|Pastor}}來自於同名[[拉丁語]],意指[[牧羊人]];而種小名{{Snamei|roseus}}則意為「玫瑰紅色的」。{{r|Jobling}}该物种的模式产地在[[瑞士]]。{{r|HB|p=727}}沒有其他[[亞種]]。{{r|IOC}} |
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粉紅椋鳥的體長約21公分,體重60—88公克,是一種中等椋鳥。{{r|HB|p=727|Tobias}}成鳥眼睛[[虹膜]]為深棕色;鳥喙主要為黑色,但視季節有變化;腿腳處呈黃色。{{r|HB|p=727}}雄鳥胸、肩至腹部之間呈淡粉紅色,其餘多呈黑(棕)色;雌鳥則稍黯淡,頭部冠羽較短。{{r|HB|p=727|Shirihai}}幼鳥整體呈暗沙褐色,喉部白色,下喙淡黃色。{{r|Shirihai}}其[[鳥喙]]寬平均約5.2公釐、深平均約6.3公釐、[[嘴峰]]長平均約23.0公釐;翼長平均約128.9公釐;[[跗跖骨|跗蹠]]約30.1公釐;尾長約71.0公釐。{{r|Tobias}} |
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粉红椋鸟在繁殖季期間以[[蝗虫]]和[[蚱蜢]]為其主要食物,成鸟每天能捕捉三四百只蝗虫,进食数量在120至170只;非繁殖季期間則會食用水果。{{r|HB|p=727|XH}}這個物種的繁殖季介於五月至七月之間,採一夫一妻制,主要受到食物供應量決定是否繁殖。{{r|HB|p=727}}每次產3—6枚淡藍色至天藍色之間的卵,雙親輪流孵化15天左右;約24天後可離巢。{{r|HB|p=727}}牠們是遷徙性的鳥類,主要[[黑海]]以西至[[中國大陸]]西部之間繁殖,在[[印度]]和東南[[阿拉伯半島]]之間的區域過冬。{{r|Shirihai}} |
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這個物種的整體族群數量約介於45萬—200萬隻之間。{{r|DZ}}其族群數量龐大,雖然分佈範圍並未被完全確認而趨勢不明,但仍不被認為會需要被近一步歸類。{{r|DZ}}在《[[國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄]]》中,[[國際鳥盟]]藉此將粉紅椋鳥列為[[無危物種]]。{{r|IUCN|DZ}} |
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==參考資料== |
==參考資料== |
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<ref name=IOC>{{cite journal |author=International Ornithologists' Union |author-link=世界鳥類學家聯合會 |editor1-first=F. |editor1-last=Gill |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Donsker |editor3-first=P. |editor3-last=Rasmussen |title=IOC World Bird List (v14.1) |url=https://worldbirdnames.org/master_ioc_list_v14.1.xlsx |language=en |date=2024 |access-date=2024-01-03 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
<ref name=IOC>{{cite journal |author=International Ornithologists' Union |author-link=世界鳥類學家聯合會 |editor1-first=F. |editor1-last=Gill |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Donsker |editor3-first=P. |editor3-last=Rasmussen |title=IOC World Bird List (v14.1) |url=https://worldbirdnames.org/master_ioc_list_v14.1.xlsx |language=en |date=2024 |access-date=2024-01-03 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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<ref name=HB>{{cite book |editor1-last=del Hoyo |editor1-first=Josep |editor2-last=Elliott |editor2-first=Andrew |editor3-last=Christie |editor3-first=David A. |title=Handbook of the birds of the world |date=2009 |publisher=Lynx Edicions |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-96553-50-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0014unse/ |volume=14 |language=en |url-access=registration |
<ref name=HB>{{cite book |editor1-last=del Hoyo |editor1-first=Josep |editor2-last=Elliott |editor2-first=Andrew |editor3-last=Christie |editor3-first=David A. |title=Handbook of the birds of the world |date=2009 |publisher=Lynx Edicions |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-96553-50-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0014unse/ |volume=14 |language=en |url-access=registration |access-date=2024-05-15}}</ref> |
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<ref name=XH>{{cite news |title=为鸟让路:粉红椋鸟你了解多少 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/science/2019-01/08/c_137741968.htm |accessdate=2020-02-15 |archive-date=2020-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215115338/http://www.xinhuanet.com/science/2019-01/08/c_137741968.htm |dead-url=yes |language=zh-cn }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Lovette>{{cite journal |last1=Lovette |first1=Irby J. |last2=McCleery |first2=Brynn V. |last3=Talaba |first3=Amanda L. |last4=Rubenstein |first4=Dustin R. |title=A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the “Eurasian” starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus, Acridotheres, and allies): Recent diversification in a highly social and dispersive avian group |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=2008-04-01 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=251–260 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.020 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790308000420 |accessdate=2024-05-16 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Zuccon>{{cite journal |last1=Zuccon |first1=Dario |last2=Pasquet |first2=Eric |last3=Ericson |first3=Per G. P. |title=Phylogenetic relationships among Palearctic–Oriental starlings and mynas (genera Sturnus and Acridotheres : Sturnidae) |journal=Zoologica Scripta |date=2008-09 |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=469–481 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00339.x |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00339.x |accessdate=2024-05-16 |language=en |issn=0300-3256}}</ref> |
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<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |title=H&M4 Checklist family by family |url=https://www.aviansystematics.org/checklist?viewfamilies=181 |website=The Turst for Avian Systematics |accessdate=2024-05-16 |language=en}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Temminck>{{cite book |last1=Temminck |first1=Coenraad Jacob |title=Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systèmatique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe |date=1815 |publisher=Chez J.C. Sepp & Fils |location=Amsterdam & Paris |page=82 |edition=1 |url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&lr=&id=1bdm-hKTgpwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&ots=pn-NZU-6y5&sig=aRlQ_H9WTzNWG7gkVCEmo1xMjGQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=pastor&f=false |accessdate=2024-05-16 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Linn>{{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carl |year=1758 |title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |volume=1 |edition=10th |page=170 |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |location=Holmiae (Stockholm) |language=la |accessdate=2024-05-16 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727077 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Jobling>{{cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |year=2010 |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |publisher=Christopher Helm |location=London |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |language=en |url=https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling |accessdate=2024-05-16 |pages=294, 338}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Shirihai>{{cite book |last1=Shirihai |first1=Hadoram |last2=Svensson |first2=Lars |title=Handbook of Western Palearctic birds. volume 2: Passerines: Flycatchers to Buntings |date=2018 |publisher=Helm |location=London Oxford New York New Delhi Sydney |isbn=9781472937360 |pages=285-288 |edition=Reprinted with corrections |language=en}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Tobias>{{Cite journal |last=Tobias |first=J. A. |last2=Sheard |first2=C. |last3=Pigot |first3=A. L. |last4=Devenish |first4=A. J. M. |last5=Yang |first5=J. |last6=Sayol |first6=F. |last7=Neate‐Clegg |first7=M. H. C. |last8=Alioravainen |first8=N. |last9=Weeks |first9=T. L. |last10=Barber |first10=R. A. |last11=Walkden |first11=P. A. |year=2022 |title=AVONET: Morphological, Ecological and Geographical Data for all Birds |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13898 |journal=Ecology Letters |language=en |volume=25 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/ele.13898 |issn=1461-023X |access-date=2022-08-17 |archive-date=2022-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807094229/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13898 |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
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<ref name=DZ>{{cite web |title=Species factsheet: Rosy Starling (''Pastor roseus'') |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22710881 |date=2024 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |language=en |accessdate=2024-05-16 }}</ref> |
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[[Category:亞洲鳥類]] |
[[Category:亞洲鳥類]] |
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[[Category:歐洲鳥類]] |
[[Category:歐洲鳥類]] |
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{{雀形目小作品}} |
2024年5月16日 (四) 06:12的版本
粉红椋鸟 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | 雀形目 Passeriformes |
科: | 椋鸟科 Sturnidae |
属: | 粉紅椋鳥屬 Pastor Temminck, 1815 |
种: | 粉红椋鸟 P. roseus
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二名法 | |
Pastor roseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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物種分佈範圍
繁殖區
非繁殖區
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異名 | |
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粉红椋鸟(學名:Pastor roseus,英語:Rosy starling、Rose-coloured starling),俗稱铁甲兵、绯椋鸟,为雀形目椋鸟科粉紅椋鳥屬(Pastor)下唯一的物種。[2]這個物種分佈于东欧、西伯利亚、西亚、印度、斯里兰卡以及中国大陆的新疆、甘肃、西藏、上海等地,常见于开阔耕地、草原等地以及营巢于石堆、洞穴或地面上。[2]
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2008年所建立的支序圖[3][4] |
該物種由瑞典博物學家卡尔·林奈於1758年描述,歸於鶇屬下。[2][5]1815年,荷蘭動物學家康拉德·雅各·特明克建立了粉紅椋鳥屬,是該屬下唯一的成員。[6][7]其學名均來自拉丁語,其中屬名Pastor來自於同名拉丁語,意指牧羊人;而種小名roseus則意為「玫瑰紅色的」。[8]该物种的模式产地在瑞士。[9]:727沒有其他亞種。[2]
粉紅椋鳥的體長約21公分,體重60—88公克,是一種中等椋鳥。[9]:727[10]成鳥眼睛虹膜為深棕色;鳥喙主要為黑色,但視季節有變化;腿腳處呈黃色。[9]:727雄鳥胸、肩至腹部之間呈淡粉紅色,其餘多呈黑(棕)色;雌鳥則稍黯淡,頭部冠羽較短。[9]:727[11]幼鳥整體呈暗沙褐色,喉部白色,下喙淡黃色。[11]其鳥喙寬平均約5.2公釐、深平均約6.3公釐、嘴峰長平均約23.0公釐;翼長平均約128.9公釐;跗蹠約30.1公釐;尾長約71.0公釐。[10]
粉红椋鸟在繁殖季期間以蝗虫和蚱蜢為其主要食物,成鸟每天能捕捉三四百只蝗虫,进食数量在120至170只;非繁殖季期間則會食用水果。[9]:727[12]這個物種的繁殖季介於五月至七月之間,採一夫一妻制,主要受到食物供應量決定是否繁殖。[9]:727每次產3—6枚淡藍色至天藍色之間的卵,雙親輪流孵化15天左右;約24天後可離巢。[9]:727牠們是遷徙性的鳥類,主要黑海以西至中國大陸西部之間繁殖,在印度和東南阿拉伯半島之間的區域過冬。[11]
這個物種的整體族群數量約介於45萬—200萬隻之間。[13]其族群數量龐大,雖然分佈範圍並未被完全確認而趨勢不明,但仍不被認為會需要被近一步歸類。[13]在《國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄》中,國際鳥盟藉此將粉紅椋鳥列為無危物種。[1][13]
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 BirdLife International. Pastor roseus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22685090A93058776. [2024-05-15]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685090A93058776.en .
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List (v14.1). 2024 [2024-01-03] (英语).
- ^ Lovette, Irby J.; McCleery, Brynn V.; Talaba, Amanda L.; Rubenstein, Dustin R. A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the “Eurasian” starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus, Acridotheres, and allies): Recent diversification in a highly social and dispersive avian group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008-04-01, 47 (1): 251–260 [2024-05-16]. ISSN 1055-7903. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.020.
- ^ Zuccon, Dario; Pasquet, Eric; Ericson, Per G. P. Phylogenetic relationships among Palearctic–Oriental starlings and mynas (genera Sturnus and Acridotheres : Sturnidae). Zoologica Scripta. 2008-09, 37 (5): 469–481 [2024-05-16]. ISSN 0300-3256. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00339.x (英语).
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis 1 10th. Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. 1758: 170 [2024-05-16] (拉丁语).
- ^ Temminck, Coenraad Jacob. Manuel d'ornithologie, ou, Tableau systèmatique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe 1. Amsterdam & Paris: Chez J.C. Sepp & Fils. 1815: 82 [2024-05-16] (法语).
- ^ H&M4 Checklist family by family. The Turst for Avian Systematics. [2024-05-16] (英语).
- ^ Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010: 294, 338 [2024-05-16]. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 (英语).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David A. (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 14. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2009 [2024-05-15]. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7 (英语).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Tobias, J. A.; Sheard, C.; Pigot, A. L.; Devenish, A. J. M.; Yang, J.; Sayol, F.; Neate‐Clegg, M. H. C.; Alioravainen, N.; Weeks, T. L.; Barber, R. A.; Walkden, P. A. AVONET: Morphological, Ecological and Geographical Data for all Birds. Ecology Letters. 2022, 25 (3) [2022-08-17]. ISSN 1461-023X. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. (原始内容存档于2022-08-07) (英语).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Shirihai, Hadoram; Svensson, Lars. Handbook of Western Palearctic birds. volume 2: Passerines: Flycatchers to Buntings Reprinted with corrections. London Oxford New York New Delhi Sydney: Helm. 2018: 285–288. ISBN 9781472937360 (英语).
- ^ 为鸟让路:粉红椋鸟你了解多少. [2020-02-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-15) (中文(中国大陆)).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Species factsheet: Rosy Starling (Pastor roseus). BirdLife Data Zone. 2024 [2024-05-16] (英语).
外部連結
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