打孔卡

霍列瑞斯式的打孔機(pantograph)，用於1890年的人口普查.

標準空白的IBM打孔卡片，此類型用於存儲數據。

打孔卡或穿孔卡（或霍列瑞斯式卡或IBM卡），是一塊紙板，在預先知道的位置利用打洞與不打洞來表示數位訊息。現在幾乎是一個過時的存储器，19世紀，打孔卡廣泛的運用在控制紡織機。接著，19世紀末和20世紀初，運用在市場機關和相關文書。20世紀期間，打孔卡應用在單位記錄機作為輸入端、處裡和電腦程式。早期的數位電腦運用打孔機已輸入資訊的打孔卡當做電腦程式和資料的主要輸入媒介。另外，一些投票機也運用打孔卡。

參考文獻

本條目部分或全部内容出自以GFDL授權發佈的《自由線上電腦詞典》（FOLDOC）。

外部連結

• Lubar, Steve. "Do not fold, spindle or mutilate": A cultural history of the punch card. 1991.May. 
• Jones, Douglas W. Punched Cards. [October 20 2006].  (Collection shows examples of left, right, and no corner cuts.)
• VintageTech - a U.S. company that converts punched cards to conventional media
• Dyson, George. The Undead. Wired magazine. 1999.March, 7 (3) [October 2006].  article about modern-day use of punch cards
• Williams, Robert V. Punched Cards: A Brief Tutorial. IEEE Annals - Web extra. 2002 [2006-10-30]. 
• UNIVAC Punch Card Gallery (Shows examples of both left and right corner cuts.)
• Cardamation - a U.S. company still supplying punch-card equipment and supplies 截至2008年 (2008-Missing required parameter 1=month!).
• An Emulator for Punch cards
• Fierheller, George A. Do not fold, spindle or mutilate: the "hole" story of punched cards. Stewart Pub. 2006. ISBN 1-894183-86-X.  An accessible book of recollections (sometimes with errors), with photographs and descriptions of many unit record machines.
• Brian De Palma (Director). 660124: The Story of an IBM Card, [Film]. 
• Povarov G.N. Semen Nikolayevich Korsakov. Machines for the Comparison of Philosophical Ideas. In: Trogemann, Georg; Ernst, Wolfgang and Nitussov, Alexander, Computing in Russia: The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology Revealed (pp 47–49), Verlag, 2001. Translated by Alexander Y. Nitussov. ISBN 3528057572, 9783528057572
• Korsakov S.N. A Depiction of a New Research Method, Using Machines which Compare Ideas, Ed. by Alexander Mikhailov, MEPhI, 2009 （俄文）

参见

• Card image
• Computer programming in the punch card era
• Key punch
• 计算机硬件历史
• List of books on the history of computing#Punched cards, Unit record equipment
• Paper data storage
• Unit record equipment
• Voting machine