User:JuneAugust/范遵

Phạm Tuân
出生	(1947-02-14) 1947年2月14日 越南太平省太平市
国籍	越南
职业	越南国防工业总局局长
奖项	蘇聯英雄 列寧勳章 Template:Hero of Labor (Vietnam) 胡志明勳章
航天生涯
越南人民軍空軍 / 国际宇航员计划 Research Cosmonaut
过往职业	飛行員、宇航员
军衔	越南人民軍空軍中將
在太空时间	7天20小时42分钟
甄选	1979 Intercosmos Group
任务	联盟37号 / 联盟36号、礼炮6号
任务徽章

范遵（越南語：Phạm Tuân，1947年2月14日—）是一位已退役的越南空军飛行員。当其作为一个国际宇航员计划研究宇航员搭乘执行联盟号37任务时是越南、亚洲及第三世界国家首位进入宇宙的航天员。他被授予蘇聯英雄称号。

早期生活及军事生涯

范遵出生于越南北部太平省太平市茶李江一个农民家庭。他于1965年加入越南人民空军（北越空军），1968年从苏联空军航空技术学校毕业回国后在越南空军“红星”飞行团执飞米格-21，后来被任命为战斗军官。在越南战争期间，他驾驶米格-21喷气式战斗机对美国飞机执行拦截任务。

范遵回忆说，1972年12月27日晚上，在第2次後衛作戰战役期间，当B52编队距越老边境只有几百公里时，他奉命驾驶米格21驾驶编号5121迎击。也许他是第一个发现在河内郊区上空B52机群的人，当时的范遵用空对空导弹攻击了美国空军战略空军司令部的一架B-52同温层堡垒轰炸机重型轰炸机。他报告说，他的导弹击中了B-52轰炸机，使其起火坠毁。这是唯一一架在空战中被击落的B-52轰炸机，而范遵也成为击落B-52第一人。但美国的记录对此提出了质疑，美国军方的记录显示，这架B-52轰炸机是被一枚美国地对空导弹击落的，这架轰炸机也负责在战役中击落所有其他的 B-52轰炸机。No additional evidence has been presented to verify the claims. Other sources said that US government has not accepted the loss and tried to refuse the facts that B-52 were shot down during Linebacker II in Vietnam by a MiG-21. The number of US military aircraft shot down in the North of Vietnam from August 5, 1964 to January 7, 1973 is 4,181, in which the number of B-52s and F11s is 68 and 13 respectively.

Tuan received numerous high distinctions for his service, including the Ho Chi Minh Order. He also was awarded the 列寧勳章 and the rare honor of being one of the few foreigners to receive the title "蘇聯英雄".

国际宇宙计划

20世纪中期，为了实现越南共产党总书记胡志明关于“越南年轻一代在不远将来实现进入太空的梦想”的指示，越南开始与苏联积极协商，筹划合作培养航天员的计划。

1979年，根据苏联《国际和平开发太空计划》，越南同苏联签署了《苏联为越南培训航天员》的协定。范遵作为培训对象被送入莫斯科郊区的加加林空军学院进行培训。范遵回忆道：“我与苏联航天员戈尔巴特科一起坐在宇宙飞船模拟器的专用座椅上，迅速准确地完成教官下达的各项指令。戈尔巴特科控制着操纵杆，而我认真控制着舱内的每一个按钮和开关。随后，在电视屏幕上出现了我们‘联盟’号宇宙飞船飞向‘礼炮’号太空轨道站身影。我们反复模拟演练这个科目。” Tuan reached the rank of lieutenant colonel in the VPAF before eventually training to be a research cosmonaut in the joint USSR-Vietnamese Space program. On April 1, 1979, he was selected as a member of the sixth international crew for the 国际宇航员计划 program. His backup was Bùi Thanh Liêm. Tuan, along with Soviet cosmonaut 維克托·戈爾巴特科, was launched from 拜科努尔航天发射场 on July 23, 1980, on board Soyuz 37 en route to the 禮炮6號 station.

During his time in orbit, Tuan performed experiments on the 熔化 of mineral samples in microgravity. He also carried out plant experiments on azolla and photographed Vietnam from orbit for 地图ping purposes. Tuan was in space for 7 days, 20 hours, and 42 minutes. He completed 142 轨道 (力学)s, and was returned to earth on July 31, 1980.

个人生活

Tuan is married and has two children. He is now a retired lieutenant general, director of the General Department of Defense Industry of the Ministry of Defense, and is a non-elected member of the 越南国会.

Chiếc máy bay MIG21MF mang số hiệu 5121 mà Phạm Tuân đã điều khiển và bắn rơi một máy bay B52 vào ngày 27/12/1972

Một con tem Liên Xô năm 1980 in hình hai phi công vũ trụ 維克托·戈爾巴特科 và Phạm Tuân

脚注

参考书籍

• Toperczer, Istvan. MiG-21 Units of the Vietnam War. 2001, Osprey Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-84176-263-0.

外部链接

• Spacefacts biography of Pham, Tuân