一硫化三碳

一硫化三碳
	IUPAC名; 3-Thioxo-1,2-propadien-1-ylidene
別名	硫三碳
識別
CAS號	109545-35-9
SMILES	[C]=C=C=S;
性質
化學式	C3S
摩爾質量	68.1 g·mol−1
相關物質
相關化學品	一硫化二碳; 一硫化碳; 二硫化碳; 一氧化三碳; 二氰乙炔
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

一硫化三碳（C₃S，又稱硫三碳）^[1]是極活躍的有機分子，可在外太空找到。是雜多烯（英語：heterocumulene），也是硫多烯，由三粒碳原子排成直線再接着硫原子組成。^[2]

性質[編輯]

一硫化三碳偶極矩3.704德拜，外面的碳碳雙鍵長1.275Å，中間的碳碳雙鍵長1.292Å，碳硫雙鍵長1.535Å。碳原子之間相似的雙鍵鍵長表示它們各性質相近。^[2]¹²C¹²C¹²C³²S旋轉常數為B₀ = 2890.38000 MHz和D₀ = 0.00022416。^[3]由於碳碳雙鍵拉伸，2047.5cm^-1處有獨特的紅外吸收帶。 ^[1]

形成[編輯]

一硫化三碳結構似一硫化二碳（CCS），也是由二硫化碳氣體在氦氣保護下放電生成。它旋轉時躍遷的微波發射線與金牛座分子雲先前未知的分子線匹配。 ^[4]^[3] 在 0.02 托爾的壓力下，二硫化碳氣體放電時會產生最多的一硫化三碳。

在分子雲里，一硫化三碳可以這反應生成：CCS + CH → CCCS + H；^[5]在太空塵埃里，它也可以在紫外線或可見光照射下生成：CCC（英語：Tricarbon） + H₂S → C₃•HSH → CCCS + H₂；在固態氬基質里，該反應也能生成一硫化三碳。^[1]

天然存在[編輯]

一硫化三碳可在分子雲里探測到，如金牛座分子雲^[2]和獵戶座KL。^[6] 一氧化三碳和一硫化三碳的比例對比着氧和硫在分子雲的比例。它們數值應該相近。^[2]這些分子雲可以又冷又暗，或者熱。^[6]CCCS也在含有高碳量的漸近巨星支的恆星上發現，如獅子座CW。^[7]

參考資料[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Roehr, Nathan P.; Szczepanski, Jan; Fu, Yi; Polfer, Nicolas C.; Vala, Martin. Reaction of the C₃(X¹Σ_g⁺) carbon cluster with H₂S(X¹A₁), hydrogen sulfide: Photon-induced formation of C₃S, tricarbon sulfur. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 26 November 2014, 141 (20): 204310. Bibcode:2014JChPh.141t4310R. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 25429945. doi:10.1063/1.4901891.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Etim, E. E.; Onudibia, M. E.; Asuquo, J. E.; Ukafia, O. P.; Andrew, C.; Ushie, O. A. Interstellar C₃S: Different Dipole Moment, Different Column Density, Same Astronomical Source (PDF). FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal. April 2017, 2 (1B): 574–577 [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-07-28）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Yamamoto, Satoshi; Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Kaifu, Norio; Suzuki, Hiriko; Ohishi, Masatoshi. Laboratory detection of a new carbon-chain molecule C3S and its astronomical identification. Astrophysical Journal. 15 June 1987, 317 (2): L119–L121. Bibcode:1987ApJ...317L.119Y. doi:10.1086/184924.
^ Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Ohishi, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Hiriko; Kaifu, Norio. Laboratory detection and astronomical identification of a new free radical, CCS(³Σ⁻). Astrophysical Journal. 15 June 1987, 317: L115–L118. Bibcode:1987ApJ...317L.115S. doi:10.1086/184923.
^ Sakai, Nami; Ikeda, Masafumi; Morita, Masaru; Sakai, Takeshi; Takano, Shuro; Osamura, Yoshihiro; Yamamoto, Satoshi. Production Pathways of CCS and CCCS Inferred from Their ¹³C Isotopic Species. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 July 2007, 663 (2): 1174–1179. Bibcode:2007ApJ...663.1174S. doi:10.1086/518595.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Tercero, B.; Cernicharo, J.; Pardo, J. R.; Goicoechea, J. R. A line confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion KL I. Sulfur carbon chains. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 17 August 2010, 517: A96. Bibcode:2010A&A...517A..96T. arXiv:1004.2711 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913501.
^ Bell, M. B.; Avery, L. W.; Feldman, P. A. C₃S and C₅S in IRC +10216. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1993, 417: L37. Bibcode:1993ApJ...417L..37B. doi:10.1086/187088.

[roe-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Roehr, Nathan P.; Szczepanski, Jan; Fu, Yi; Polfer, Nicolas C.; Vala, Martin. Reaction of the C₃(X¹Σ_g⁺) carbon cluster with H₂S(X¹A₁), hydrogen sulfide: Photon-induced formation of C₃S, tricarbon sulfur. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 26 November 2014, 141 (20): 204310. Bibcode:2014JChPh.141t4310R. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 25429945. doi:10.1063/1.4901891.

[etim-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Etim, E. E.; Onudibia, M. E.; Asuquo, J. E.; Ukafia, O. P.; Andrew, C.; Ushie, O. A. Interstellar C₃S: Different Dipole Moment, Different Column Density, Same Astronomical Source (PDF). FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal. April 2017, 2 (1B): 574–577 [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-07-28）.

[Yama-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Yamamoto, Satoshi; Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Kaifu, Norio; Suzuki, Hiriko; Ohishi, Masatoshi. Laboratory detection of a new carbon-chain molecule C3S and its astronomical identification. Astrophysical Journal. 15 June 1987, 317 (2): L119–L121. Bibcode:1987ApJ...317L.119Y. doi:10.1086/184924.

[4] Saito, Shuji; Kawaguchi, Kentarou; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Ohishi, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Hiriko; Kaifu, Norio. Laboratory detection and astronomical identification of a new free radical, CCS(³Σ⁻). Astrophysical Journal. 15 June 1987, 317: L115–L118. Bibcode:1987ApJ...317L.115S. doi:10.1086/184923.

[5] Sakai, Nami; Ikeda, Masafumi; Morita, Masaru; Sakai, Takeshi; Takano, Shuro; Osamura, Yoshihiro; Yamamoto, Satoshi. Production Pathways of CCS and CCCS Inferred from Their ¹³C Isotopic Species. The Astrophysical Journal. 10 July 2007, 663 (2): 1174–1179. Bibcode:2007ApJ...663.1174S. doi:10.1086/518595.

[terc-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Tercero, B.; Cernicharo, J.; Pardo, J. R.; Goicoechea, J. R. A line confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion KL I. Sulfur carbon chains. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 17 August 2010, 517: A96. Bibcode:2010A&A...517A..96T. arXiv:1004.2711 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913501.

[7] Bell, M. B.; Avery, L. W.; Feldman, P. A. C₃S and C₅S in IRC +10216. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1993, 417: L37. Bibcode:1993ApJ...417L..37B. doi:10.1086/187088.

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