富拉尼聖戰

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1830年，西非境內通過富拉尼聖戰建立的穆斯林國家

富拉尼聖戰（阿拉伯语：جهاد الفولا‎ ）是18世纪和19世纪西非境內发生的一系列吉哈德，富拉尼聖戰主要由信仰伊斯蘭教的富拉尼人领导。這些通過富拉尼聖戰建立的國家後來都被歐洲人擊敗。[1][2]

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ^ Shillington (2012).
  2. ^ Hawthorne, Walter. From Africa to Brazil: Culture, Identity, and an Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1830. Cambridge University Press. 2010-09-13: 70. ISBN 9780521764094 （英语）. 

參考書目[编辑]

  • Curtin, Philip D. Jihad in West Africa: Early Phases and Inter-relations in Mauritania and Senegal. Journal of African History. 1971, 12 (1): 11–24. S2CID 162679179. doi:10.1017/S0021853700000049. 
  • Keddie, Nikkie R. Islamic Precolonial Revolts of the 18th and 19th Centuries. Jack A. Goldstone (编). The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions. Routledge. : 265–66. 
  • Last, Murray. Reform in West Africa: The Jihad Movements of the Nineteenth Century. J. F. A. Ajayi; M. Crowder (编). History of West Africa 2. Longman. 1974: 1–29. 
  • Lovejoy, Paul E. Jihād in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions. Ohio University Press. 2016. 
  • Robinson, David. Revolutions in the Western Sudan. N. Levtzion; R. Pouwels (编). The History of Islam in Africa. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. 2000: 131–152. ISBN 9780821444610. 
  • Shillington, Kevin. History of Africa 3rd. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. 
  • Smith, H. F. C. A Neglected Theme of West African History: The Islamic Revolutions of the 19th Century. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. 1961, 2 (2): 169–85. 
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