頭狀骨
| 頭狀骨 | |
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左手掌面觀，紅色部分為頭狀骨。
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左手頭狀骨
左：尺骨連接面（小指側） 右：橈骨側（大拇指側） |
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| 细节 | |
| 拉丁文 | Os capitatum; os magnum |
| 识别标示 | |
| Gray's | p.226 |
| MeSH | A02.835.232.087.319.150.150 |
| Dorlands | o_07/12598140 |
| TA | A02.4.08.011 |
| FMA | FMA:23727 |
| 解剖學名詞 | |
頭狀骨（capitate bone）是人類掌骨中最大的一塊，為腕骨中央的骨頭。較圓的一端位於手舟骨及月骨所組成的凹槽上[1]。
許多哺乳類動物身上也可以找到這塊骨頭，與爬蟲類及兩棲類身上的第三遠端腕骨為同源構造。
構造[编辑]
頭狀骨是腕骨中最大的一塊[2]，位於腕骨遠端列。頭狀骨的旁邊接的是無名指掌骨，，尺骨側連接的是鉤骨，橈側連接三角骨，腕側結月骨跟手舟骨。[3]:708–709
表面[编辑]
The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone.[1]
The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.[1]
The dorsal surface is broad and rough.[1]
The palmar surface is narrow, rounded, and rough, for the attachment of ligaments and a part of the adductor pollicis muscle.[1]
The lateral surface articulates with the lesser multangular by a small facet at its anterior inferior angle, behind which is a rough depression for the attachment of an interosseous ligament. Above this is a deep, rough groove, forming part of the neck, and serving for the attachment of ligaments; it is bounded superiorly by a smooth, convex surface, for articulation with the scaphoid bone.[1]
The medial surface articulates with the hamate bone by a smooth, concave, oblong facet, which occupies its posterior and superior parts; it is rough in front, for the attachment of an interosseous ligament.[1]
變形[编辑]
The capitate bone variably articulates with the metacarpal of the index finger.[2]
骨化[编辑]
頭狀骨的骨化始於1至5個月大時。[4]
功能[编辑]
為構成腕骨的一部分。[3]:708
歷史[编辑]
辭源來自於拉丁文的「頭」（拉丁語：capitātus）。[5]
附加圖像[编辑]
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左手頭狀骨示意圖（紅色部分）
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左手頭狀骨近觀圖（紅色部分）
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左手頭狀骨，尺骨面觀（小指面觀）
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左手頭狀骨，橈骨面觀（大拇指面）
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Right hand posterior view (dorsal view). Thumb on bottom.
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Right hand anterior view (palmar view). Thumb on top.
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Capitate bone shown in yellow. Left hand. Palmar surface.
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Capitate bone shown in yellow. Left hand. Dorsal surface.
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Transverse section across the wrist (palm on top, thumb on left). Capitate bone shown in yellow.
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Cross section of wrist (thumb on left). Capitate shown in red.
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參見[编辑]
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：頭狀骨 |
本條目使用了部分解剖術語，概述請參閱這裡。
參見[编辑]
本條目包含來自屬於公共領域版本的《格雷氏解剖學》之內容，而其中有些資訊可能已經過時。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Gray's Anatomy (1918). See infobox.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Eathorne, SW. The wrist: clinical anatomy and physical examination--an update.. Primary care. Mar 2005, 32 (1): 17–33. PMID 15831311. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2004.11.009.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul. Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
- ^ Balachandran, Ajay; Kartha, Moumitha; Krishna, Anooj; Thomas, Jerry; K, Prathilash; TN, Prem; GK, Libu; B, Krishnan; John, Liza. A Study of Ossification of Capitate, Hamate, Triquetral & Lunate in Forensic Age Estimation. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2014, 8 (2): 218–224 [18 August 2014]. ISSN 0973-9130. doi:10.5958/0973-9130.2014.00720.8.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. Capitate. Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 January 2014].
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