核糖體分流
核糖體分流（Ribosome shunting）為真核生物細胞的核糖體轉譯一些病毒mRNA時，在掃描mRNA的過程中跳過5′非翻译区部分二級結構複雜的序列，直接與該序列下游的序列結合的機制[1]，最早於1990年代在花椰菜嵌紋病毒（CaMV）的mRNA中發現[2]。許多病毒mRNA的核糖體分流需仰賴其5′非翻译区的上游开放阅读框（uORF），核糖體完成uORF的轉譯後（通常僅有2－15個密碼子），60S核糖体亚基自核糖體脫離，40S核糖体亚基則跳過（take-off）mRNA下游5－10nt處一段二級結構複雜的序列，與下游的降落位點（landing site）結合，再重新開始掃描，找到下一個開放閱讀框的起始密碼子後再次與60S亚基結合而開始轉譯[2][3]。
已知腺病毒[4]、仙台病毒[5][6]、人類乳突病毒（HPV）、人泡沫病毒[2]、鴨B型肝炎病毒[2]、水稻东格鲁桿狀病毒（RTBV）[7]與花椰菜嵌紋病毒[8]等多種病毒的mRNA轉譯都有核糖體分流的機制。
參考文獻
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- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pooggin MM, Ryabova LA. Ribosome Shunting, Polycistronic Translation, and Evasion of Antiviral Defenses in Plant Pararetroviruses and Beyond.. Front Microbiol. 2018, 9: 644. PMC 5902531 . PMID 29692761. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00644.
- ^ Roger Hull. Chapter 6 - Genome Composition, Organization, and Expression. Plant Virology (Fifth Edition). Academic Press. 2014 [2021-12-05]. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384871-0.00006-6. （原始内容存档于2021-12-05）.
- ^ Yueh, A; Schneider, RJ. Selective translation initiation by ribosome jumping in adenovirus-infected and heat-shocked cells. Genes & Development. 1996, 10 (12): 1557–67. PMID 8666238. doi:10.1101/gad.10.12.1557 .
- ^ De Breyne, S; Simonet, V; Pelet, T; Curran, J. Identification of a cis-acting element required for shunt-mediated translational initiation of the Sendai virus Y proteins. Nucleic Acids Research. 2003, 31 (2): 608–18. PMC 140508 . PMID 12527769. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg143.
- ^ Latorre, P; Kolakofsky, D; Curran, J. Sendai virus Y proteins are initiated by a ribosomal shunt. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1998, 18 (9): 5021–31. PMC 109087 . PMID 9710586. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.9.5021.
- ^ Pooggin, M. M.; Ryabova, LA; He, X; Fütterer, J; Hohn, T. Mechanism of ribosome shunting in Rice tungro bacilliform pararetrovirus. RNA. 2006, 12 (5): 841–50. PMC 1440904 . PMID 16556934. doi:10.1261/rna.2285806.
- ^ Pooggin, MM; Hohn, T; Fütterer, J. Role of a short open reading frame in ribosome shunt on the cauliflower mosaic virus RNA leader. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000, 275 (23): 17288–96. PMID 10747993. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001143200 .
