天门冬属

天門冬屬
	文竹 Asparagus setaceus
	块茎
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	单子叶植物 Monocots
目：	天門冬目 Asparagales
科：	天门冬科 Asparagaceae
亚科：	天门冬亚科 Asparagoideae
族：	天门冬族 Asparageae
属：	天門冬屬 Asparagus; L., 1753
模式種
	芦笋; Asparagus officinalis;
異名
	Elid Medik.; Myrsiphyllum Willd.; Asparagopsis (Kunth) Kunth; Hecatris Salisb.; Elachanthera F.Muell.; Protasparagus Oberm.;

天门冬属（学名：Asparagus）是天门冬科中的一个属，共有300来个种，其中最知名的是可食的芦笋。一些种被用来做观赏植物，比如文竹。其它知名的观赏植物包括非洲天门冬和武竹。

天门冬属植物有草本的，也有有木质的攀藤植物。大多数种有能够进行光合作用的扁平的茎，这些茎不是真正的叶。芦笋、龙须菜和天门冬是两性异株的种。

描述

天门冬属植物是多年生草本或者半灌木植物。它们的茎有非常多的分支，往往是爬藤状的，它们的叶子很小，有些鳞状，有些多质，也有些像草。在叶子柄的基部往往有针状的小分支。它们有些是雌雄同花，有些是雌雄同体的。它们的果实往往是球状的，里面一般只有一枚种子。

天门冬属的花粉也能够发育成长为植物。通过把花粉进行细胞分裂可以形成胚胎，这样的胚胎可以发芽成长为新的植物。这样形成的植物的基因与父亲一样，因此是父亲的克隆。^[2]

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Asparagus abyssinicus Schweinf. ex Baker, 1875
Asparagus acerosus Thunb. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
山文竹 Asparagus acicularis F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
Asparagus acocksii Jessop
Asparagus acoksii Jessop
Asparagus acutifolius L.
Asparagus adscendens Roxb.
武竹 Asparagus aethiopicus L.
Asparagus africanus Lam.
Asparagus aggregatus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus agul Forssk.
Asparagus albanensis
灌木天门冬 Asparagus albus L.
Asparagus albus Thunb., 1794
Asparagus alopecurus (Oberm.) Malcomber & Sebsebe
Asparagus altiscandens Engl. & Gilg
Asparagus altissimus Munby
Asparagus ambiguus DC.
折枝天门冬 Asparagus angulofractus Iljin
Asparagus angusticladus (Jessop) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Asparagus aphyllus L.
Asparagus arborescens Willd.
Asparagus arborescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Asparagus arenosus Mscr.
Asparagus aridicola Sebsebe
Asparagus asiaticus L.
Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce
Asparagus asparagoides Linnaeus, 1753
Asparagus aspergillus Jessop
Asparagus aymoninii M.Pignal & Phillipson
Asparagus azerbaijanensis Hamdi & Assadi
Asparagus baguirmiensis A.Chev.
Asparagus barbertonicus S.Burrows
Asparagus baumii Engl. & Gilg
Asparagus bayeri (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus benguellensis Baker
Asparagus bequaertii DeWild.
Asparagus biflorus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus biradarii (Kamble) Kottaim.
Asparagus blanpiedi hort. ex Gentil
Asparagus bojnurdensis Hamdi & Assadi
Asparagus botschantzevii Vlassova
Asparagus botswanicus Sebsebe
Asparagus brachiatus Thulin
攀援天门冬 Asparagus brachyphyllus Turcz.
西北天门冬 Asparagus breslerianus Schult. & Schult.f.
Asparagus broussonetii J.Jacq.
Asparagus buchananii Baker
Asparagus bucharicus Iljin
Asparagus burchellii Baker
Asparagus burjaticus Peschkova
Asparagus burjaticus Peshkova, 1974
Asparagus calcicola H.Perrier
Asparagus candelus S.M.Burrows
Asparagus capensis L.
Asparagus capitatus Baker
Asparagus chimanimanensis Sebsebe
Asparagus clareae (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
天门冬 Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
Asparagus coddii (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus concinnus (Baker) Kies
Asparagus confertus K.Krause
Asparagus coodei P.H.Davis
Asparagus courtetii A.Chev.
Asparagus crassicladus Jessop
Asparagus curillus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
Asparagus curillus Wall.
大别山天门冬 Asparagus dabieshanensis Jia X. Yang, G. W. Hu & Q. F. Wang, 2024^[3]
兴安天门冬 Asparagus dauricus Fisch. ex Link
Asparagus davuricus Fisch. ex Link, 1821
Asparagus debilis A.Chev.
Asparagus declinatus L.
Asparagus deflexus Baker
非洲天门冬 Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop
Asparagus denudatus (Kunth) Baker
Asparagus dependens Schlecht. ex Kunth, 1850
Asparagus devenishii (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus divaricatus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus divaricatus Rottler ex Baker, 1875
Asparagus dregeanus
Asparagus drepanophyllus Welw. ex Baker
Asparagus duchesnei L.Linden
Asparagus dumosus Baker
Asparagus edulis (Oberm.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Asparagus elephantinus S.M.Burrows
Asparagus equisetoides Welw. ex Baker
Asparagus exsertus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus exuvialis Burch.
Asparagus falcatus Benth., 1842
Asparagus falcatus L.
Asparagus fallax Svent.
Asparagus fasciculatus Thunb.
Asparagus faulknerae Sebsebe
Asparagus faulkneri Sebsebe
Asparagus ferganensis Vved.
羊齿天门冬 Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Asparagus filicladus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus filifolius Bertol.
Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Baker
Asparagus flavicaulis (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus floribundus Rottler ex Baker, 1875
Asparagus fouriei (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus fractiflexus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus fysonii J.F.Macbr.
Asparagus gharoensis Blatt.
Asparagus gillettii Chiov., 1942
Asparagus glaucus Kies
戈壁天门冬 Asparagus gobicus N.A.Ivanova ex Grubov
Asparagus gonoclados Baker
Asparagus gonocladus Baker, 1875
Asparagus gourmacus A.Chev., 1936
Asparagus gracilis Royle, 1840
Asparagus graniticus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus greveanus H.Perrier
Asparagus griffithii Baker
Asparagus gypsaceus Vved.
Asparagus hajrae Kamble
Asparagus hatcheri
Asparagus hirsutus S.M.Burrows
Asparagus homblei DeWild.
Asparagus horridus L.
Asparagus humilis Engl.
Asparagus hybr
Asparagus inderiensis Blume ex Ledeb.
Asparagus inopinatus Anonymus
Asparagus intricatus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus jessopii S.Burrows
Asparagus juniperoides Engl.
Asparagus kaessneri DeWild.
甘肃天门冬 Asparagus kansuensis F.T.Wang & Tang ex S.C.Chen
Asparagus karooicus S.Burrows
Asparagus karthikeyanii (Kamble) M.R.Almeida
Asparagus katangensis De Wild. & T.Durand
Asparagus khorasanensis Hamdi & Assadi
Asparagus kiusianus Makino
Asparagus kraussianus (Kunth) J.F.Macbr.
Asparagus krebsianus (Kunth) Jessop
Asparagus laevissimus Steud. ex Baker
Asparagus laricinus Burch.
Asparagus lecardii DeWild.
Asparagus ledebourii Miscz.
Asparagus leptocladodius Chiov.
Asparagus lignosus Burm.f.
Asparagus longicladus N.E.Br.
长花天门冬 Asparagus longiflorus Franch.
Asparagus longipes Baker
Asparagus longissimus S.Burrows
Asparagus lutzii
Asparagus lycaonicus P.H.Davis
Asparagus lycicus P.H.Davis
短梗天门冬 Asparagus lycopodineus (Baker) F.T.Wang & Tang
Asparagus lynetteae (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
松叶武竹 Asparagus macowanii Baker
Asparagus macrocarpus S.Burrows
Asparagus macrorrhizus Pedrol, J.J.Regalado & López Encina
Asparagus madecassus H.Perrier
Asparagus mahafalensis H.Perrier
昆明天门冬 Asparagus mairei H.Lév.
Asparagus mariae (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus maritimus (L.) Mill.
Asparagus maritimus Linnaeus, 1753
Asparagus martretii A.Chev.
Asparagus medius hort. ex Gentil
密齿天门冬 Asparagus meioclados H.Lév.
Asparagus merkeri K.Krause
Asparagus microphyllus Burch. ex Baker, 1875
Asparagus microraphis (Kunth) Baker
Asparagus migeodii Sebsebe
Asparagus minutiflorus (Kunth) Baker
Asparagus mollis (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus monophyllus Baker
Asparagus mozambicus Kunth
Asparagus mucronatus Jessop
Asparagus multituberosus R.A.Dyer
西南天门冬 Asparagus munitus F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
多刺天门冬 Asparagus myriacanthus F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
Asparagus natalensis (Baker) Fellingham & N.L.Mey., 1995
Asparagus natalensis (Baker) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Asparagus ndelleensis A.Chev.
新疆天门冬 Asparagus neglectus Kar. & Kir.
Asparagus nelsii Schinz
Asparagus nesiotes Svent.
Asparagus nodosus Sol. ex Baker
Asparagus nodulosus (Oberm.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
芦笋 Asparagus officinalis L.，石刁柏
南玉带 Asparagus oligoclonos Maxim.
Asparagus oliveri (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus orientalis Besser
Asparagus ovatus T.M.Salter
Asparagus oxyacanthus Baker
Asparagus pachyrrhizus N.A.Ivanova ex N.V.Vlassova
Asparagus palaestinus Baker
Asparagus pallasii Miscz.
Asparagus pastorianus Webb & Berthel.
Asparagus pearsonii Kies
Asparagus pendulus (Oberm.) J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Asparagus penicillatus H.Hara
西北天门冬 Asparagus persicus Baker
Asparagus petersianus Kunth
Asparagus petiolatus Mscr.
Asparagus planiuscula Burm.f.
Asparagus plocamoides Webb ex Svent.
Asparagus poissonii H.Perrier
小叶天冬 Asparagus polyphyllus Stev.
Asparagus pongolanus S.Burrows
Asparagus praetermissus S.Burrows
Asparagus prostratus Dumort.
北天门冬 Asparagus przewalskyi N.A.Ivanova ex Grubov & T.V.Egorova
Asparagus pseudoconfertus S.Burrows
Asparagus pseudoscaber Grecescu
Asparagus psilurus Welw. ex Baker
Asparagus punjabensis J.L.Stewart
Asparagus pygmaeus Makino
长刺天门冬 Asparagus racemosus Willd.
Asparagus radiatus Sebsebe
Asparagus ramosissimus Baker
Asparagus ramosus Royle, 1840
Asparagus recurvispinus (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus reflexus hort. ex Gentil
Asparagus retrofractus L.
Asparagus retrofractus Schousb., 1800
Asparagus richardsiae Sebsebe
Asparagus rigidus Jessop
Asparagus ritschardii DeWild.
Asparagus robustus
Asparagus rogersii R.E.Fr.
Asparagus rottleri Baker
Asparagus ruber Burm.f.
Asparagus rubicundus P.J.Bergius
Asparagus rubricaulis (Kunth) Baker
Asparagus sapinii DeWild.
Asparagus sarmaticus Grint.
Asparagus sarmentosus Heyue
Asparagus sarmentosus L.
Asparagus sarmentosus Redouté, 1815
Asparagus saundersiae Baker
Asparagus scaberulus A.Rich.
Asparagus scandens Thunb.
龙须菜 Asparagus schoberioides Kunth
Asparagus schoberoides
Asparagus schroederi Engl.
Asparagus schumanianus Schltr. ex H.Perrier
Asparagus scoparius Lowe
Asparagus sekukuniensis (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
文竹 Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
四川天门冬 Asparagus sichuanicus S.C.Chen & D.Q.Liu
Asparagus simulans Baker
Asparagus smithianus Webb ex Steud., 1840
Asparagus soongoricus Iljin, 1935
Asparagus spinescens Steud. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Asparagus spinescens Steud., 1829
Asparagus spinosissimus Dinter
Asparagus squarrosus J.A.Schmidt
Asparagus stellatus Baker
Asparagus stipulaceus Lam.
Asparagus straussii Hausskn.
Asparagus striatus (L.f.) Thunb.
Asparagus suaveolens Burch.
Asparagus subfalcatus DeWild.
滇南天门冬 Asparagus subscandens F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
Asparagus subulatus Thunb.
Asparagus sylvicola S.M.Burrows
大理天门冬 Asparagus taliensis F.T.Wang & Tang ex S.C.Chen
Asparagus tamariscinus N.A.Ivanova ex Grubov
Asparagus tenuifolius Lam.
Asparagus tenuissimus hort. ex Kudô
西藏天门冬 Asparagus tibeticus F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
Asparagus touranensis Hamdi & Assadi
Asparagus transvaalensis (Oberm.) Fellingham & N.L.Mey.
Asparagus tricarinatus Redouté, 1815
细枝天门冬 Asparagus trichoclados (F.T.Wang & Tang) F.T.Wang & S.C.Chen
曲枝天门冬 Asparagus trichophyllus
Bunge
- 毛叶天冬 Asparagus trichophyllus var. trachyphyllus Kunth
Asparagus turkestanicus Popov
Asparagus uhligii K.Krause
Asparagus umbellatus Link
Asparagus umbellatus Royle, 1840
Asparagus umbellulatus Bresler
Asparagus umbricola Kit. ex Kanitz
Asparagus undulatus (L.f.) Thunb.
Asparagus usambarensis Sebsebe
Asparagus vaginellatus Bojer ex Baker
Asparagus verticillatus L.
Asparagus virgatus Baker
Asparagus volubilis (L.f.) Thunb.
Asparagus volubilis Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
Asparagus volubilis Georgi
Asparagus vulpicaudatus S.Burrows
Asparagus vvedenskyi Botsch.
Asparagus warneckei (Engl.) Hutch.
盐边天门冬 Asparagus yanbianensis S.C.Chen
盐源天门冬 Asparagus yanyuanensis S.C.Chen
Asparagus zeyheri Kunth

归入本属的物种：

Asparagopsis ascendens Baker, 1875
Asparagopsis humilis Hassk.
Asparagopsis sanfordiana
Protasparagus aethiopicus Linnaeus, 1767

参考资料

^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ C. Dore: Asparagus anther culture and field trials of dihaploids and F1 hybrids, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 12, Springer Verlag Berlin, 1990, S. 322-345.
^ Jia-Xin Yang, Xin-Xin Zhu, Nan Jia, Guang-Wan Hu and Qing-Feng Wang. 2024. Asparagus dabieshanensis (Asparagaceae), A New Species from Dabie Mountains, Central China. Phytotaxa. 641(2); 161-169. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.641.2.7

[1] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[Dore1990-2] C. Dore: Asparagus anther culture and field trials of dihaploids and F1 hybrids, Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 12, Springer Verlag Berlin, 1990, S. 322-345.

[3] Jia-Xin Yang, Xin-Xin Zhu, Nan Jia, Guang-Wan Hu and Qing-Feng Wang. 2024. Asparagus dabieshanensis (Asparagaceae), A New Species from Dabie Mountains, Central China. Phytotaxa. 641(2); 161-169. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.641.2.7

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