User:Kaguya-Taketori/LT
| 34式輕型坦克 Lehký Tank vzor 34 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 类型 | 輕型坦克 |
| 原产地 |  捷克斯洛伐克 |
| 服役记录 | |
| 服役期间 | 1934—44 |
| 使用方 | 捷克斯洛伐克 斯洛伐克共和國 |
| 参与战争／衝突 | 斯洛伐克民族起義 |
| 生产历史 | |
| 研发者 | ČKD |
| 研发日期 | 1932—34 |
| 生产商 | ČKD |
| 单位成本 | about 413,330 捷克斯洛伐克克朗 |
| 生产日期 | 1934—35 |
| 制造数量 | 50輛加一輛原型車 |
| 基本规格 | |
| 重量 | 7.5公噸（7.4長噸；8.3短噸） |
| 长度 | 4.6米（15英尺） |
| 宽度 | 2.1米（6.9英尺） |
| 高度 | 2.22米（7.3英尺） |
| 操作人数 | 3 |
| 装甲 | 8—15毫米（0.31—0.59英寸） |
| 主武器 | 37.2毫米ÚV vz. 34 式加農炮 |
| 副武器 | 2挺7.92毫米ZB vz. 35式機槍 |
| 发动机 | 4缸水冷布拉格 62.5匹馬力（46.6千瓦特） |
| 变速 | 4 x 1 |
| 悬挂 | 葉片彈簧 |
| 燃料容量 | 129公升（34美制加侖） |
| 作战范围 | 160公里（99英里） |
| 速度 | 30公里每小時（19英里每小時） |
34式輕型坦克(捷克語：Lehký Tank vzor 34），簡稱「LT vz. 34」，是一款由捷克斯洛伐克設計的輕型坦克。這款坦克主要由斯洛伐克共和國在二戰中使用。這款坦克的懸掛裝置是以卡登 - 勞埃德小坦克的懸掛裝置爲基礎設計的。捷克斯洛伐克曾在1930年購買了三輛卡登 - 勞埃德小坦克，並取得了生產許可。因爲捷克軍對Tančík vz. 33小坦克的原型車並不滿意，故他們認爲重頭開始設計一款輕型坦克要比費心思改造小坦克的底盤以讓它能夠承載一個能360度旋轉炮塔來得容易。捷克斯洛伐克一共生產了50輛34式輕型坦克，最後一輛是在1936年交付的。這50輛中，有23輛被納粹德國在佔領波希米亞-摩拉維亞的過程中繳獲，納粹德國在繳獲這些坦克後，很快將其報廢。而剩下的27輛則到了在同期宣佈從捷克斯洛伐克獨立的斯洛伐克共和國手中。34式輕型坦克在該國只在斯洛伐克民族起義期間有過作戰記錄。
描述
[编辑]34式輕型坦克的框架由數根角钢製的橫樑組成，其裝甲採用鉚接連接。一個3毫米厚的防火牆將發動機室與乘員隔開。另有一扇連通乘員室和發動機室得門。另外，還有一個可以關閉的通風口。駕駛員坐在右側，使用一個由兩個摺片保護的300X75毫米觀察鏡。內側的摺片上裝有一個視野範圍達25度的反射幻燈機。內側的摺片與外側附有裝甲的摺片相連，因此打開一個摺片另外一個就會關上。外側的摺片上有一個3毫米的細縫。在駕駛員的右側，有一個120X3毫米的觀察縫，這個觀察縫由50毫米的防彈玻璃保護。內側的摺片上裝有軟墊，因此，駕駛員在他駕駛的時候可以放鬆他的頭部。通信兵坐在左側，有一個專用的120X50毫米的視窗。這個視窗附有50毫米的防彈玻璃和一個裝甲活門。無線電臺安裝在車體左側的板上。固定在車體上的機槍裝在駕駛員和通信兵之間的一個球形座上，可以在30度的範圍內迴轉，最大俯角、最大仰角分別爲10度和25度。這挺機槍大部分的槍管都突出了球形座，由由一個裝甲槽提供保護。將球形座頂端的插銷拆下後，即可以使用座子上安裝的缺口表尺和尋敵望遠鏡。駕駛員在必要時可以鎖死這個座子，使用拉線即可獨自使用機槍射擊。[1]
34式輕型坦克的炮塔座圈直徑爲1.265米。炮塔的側面裝甲厚15毫米，而頂部裝甲的厚度則爲8毫米。炮塔需要手動轉動（旋轉手柄每轉動一圈，炮塔轉動3度），but the gearing could be disengaged to allow the commander to shoulder the turret around as desired.[1]在炮塔的中間有一個平面——坦克的37.2毫米主炮就安裝在這裏。在主炮的右側裝有一挺安裝在球形座上的7.92毫米同軸機槍。
The commander had four episcopes in his cupola and a monocular mirror, 1.3 x 35° periscope which he could extend once he removed its armored cover in his hatch for vision while "buttoned-up". This meant that the commander was responsible for loading, aiming and firing the main gun and the turret machine gun while simultaneously commanding the tank.[2]
The vertical front and side armor was 15 mm（0.59英寸） thick, the slanted plates had a thickness of 12 mm（0.47英寸）, the engine hatch was 10 mm（0.39英寸） thick and the top and bottom plates were 8 mm（0.31英寸） in thickness. This was deemed enough to deflect armor-piercing 7.92 mm（0.312英寸） bullets fired from distances greater than 75米（82碼）.[3]
The 6.08公升（371立方英寸）, water-cooled, 62.5匹馬力（46.6千瓦特）, inline 4-cylinder Praga engine used a gasoline-alcohol mix. It had a top speed on the road of 30公里每小時（19英里每小時） and about 15公里每小時（9.3英里每小時） cross-country. One 64.5公升（17.0美制加侖） fuel tank was located on each side of the engine. The transmission had four forward gears and one reverse gear to drive the front-mounted drive sprockets.[1]
The suspension was an enlarged and modified version of that used in the Carden-Loyd tankettes. It consisted of two small road wheels fastened together on a frame, two frames paired and sprung by leaf springs that made a wheel carrier, two wheel carriers per side. The track was guided by two return rollers and wooden, metal-lined frames. The rear-mounted idler wheel was used to adjust track tension. It had a ground pressure of only 0.5 kg/cm2. It could cross a ditch 2米（6.6英尺） wide, climb an obstacle .8米（2.6英尺） high and ford a stream .8米（2.6英尺） deep. It could uproot trees .18米（7.1英寸） thick and breach a wall .5米（20英寸） thick.[1]
The main armament was a Škoda ÚV vz. 34 (A3) gun with a pepperpot muzzle brake and a prominent armored recoil cylinder above the barrel. It fired a .815公斤（1.80英磅） armor-piercing shell at 690米每秒（2,300英尺每秒）. It was credited with penetrating a plate inclined at 30° from the vertical 37毫米（1.5英寸） thick at 100米（110碼）, 31毫米（1.2英寸） thick at 500米（550碼）, 26毫米（1.0英寸） thick at 1,000米（1,100碼）, and 22毫米（0.87英寸） thick at 1,500米（1,600碼）.[4] Another source quotes penetration of a vertical plate 45毫米（1.8英寸） thick at 500米（550碼）. The machine gun's ball mount could be coupled to the main gun or used independently. Both weapons could elevate 25° and depress 10°. They both used 1.25x power sights with a 25° field of view. The tank used Zbrojovka Brno ZB vz. 35 heavy machine guns in both ball mounts.[5]
Development
[编辑]One prototype was ordered from Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk in 1931, but development was slow and it was accepted only in November 1932. Its evaluations were very positive and an order for fifty was placed on 19 April 1933. The first six of these were to serve as pre-production models and were to be delivered by 30 September 1933. The delivery date for the next batch of twenty-four was a year after that and the final batch of twenty was due by 30 July 1935. Production was delayed by quality problems with the initial batch of armor plates from Poldi and delivery of the pre-production series did not occur until 23 April 1934. A bigger problem was that the Army had rejected ČKD's proposed armament of a 4.7厘米（1.9英寸） Vickers 44/60 gun and two ZB vz. 26 machine guns so the contract was signed with no design work on the desired armament configuration. ČKD did not finalize its design until December 1933 and the first six tanks were delivered with only a pair of ZB vz. 26 machine guns. The last tanks were delivered on 14 January 1936, but the six pre-production models had to be returned to the factory to be upgraded with the proper armament and otherwise modified up to the latest standards. The last one was delivered on 17 August 1936.[6]
Operational history
[编辑]Czechoslovakia
[编辑]
The Czech Army realized that the 15 mm（0.59英寸） armor on its LT vz. 34 tanks was too thin and a program to replace it was quickly mounted which resulted in the LT vz. 35. In the meantime they offered the Army an opportunity to train with more modern tanks than its few surviving World War I-era Renault FT-17s. Each of the three armored regiments received between nine and twenty-four until replaced by the LT vz. 35 from 1937. After the Munich Agreement in October 1938 the army tried to sell them, but could find no takers. In November 1938 it decided to concentrate all of them in the Third Armored Regiment in Slovakia, but only eighteen had been transferred before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the Slovak declaration of independence in March 1939.[3]
Germany
[编辑]The Germans captured twenty-three LT vz. 34s and the prototype when they occupied Czechoslovakia, but there is no record of their use so they were presumably quickly scrapped. Ten LT vz. 34s were captured after they were abandoned by the insurgents during the Slovak National Uprising in 1944. They were shipped to Skoda for repairs, but the local military representative ordered them scrapped because of their poor condition and obsolescence. The Waffen-SS tried to overturn this order as it planned to transfer them to Nazi puppet state of Croatia. Two were saved from the scrapyard, but by March 1945 the others had their turrets salvaged to be rearmed with two machine guns and mounted in fixed fortifications.[3]
Slovakia
[编辑]The twenty-seven LT vz. 34s formed one company in the Armored Battalion "Martin" formed by the Slovak Army in mid-1939, which was later expanded into the Armored Regiment, but they were relegated to training duties once the Slovaks began to receive more modern tanks from Germany in 1941.[7] Ten were abandoned by the insurgents when the Slovak National Uprising began in September 1944 and were quickly captured by the Germans. The others were dug in on the approaches to Zvolen.[3]
See also
[编辑]
Notes
[编辑]References
[编辑]- Chamberlain, Peter; Doyle, Hilary L. Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945. Jentz, Thomas L. Revised. London: Arms and Armour Press. 1978 (1993). ISBN 1-85409-214-6.
- Kliment, Charles K.; Francev, Vladimír. Czechoslovak Armored Fighting Vehicles. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. 1997. ISBN 0-7643-0141-1.
- Kliment, Charles K.; Nakládal, Bretislav. Germany's First Ally: Armed Forces of the Slovak State 1939—1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. 1997. ISBN 0-7643-0589-1.