美国海军最初的六艘护卫舰
美国海军最初的六艘护卫舰是指美国第一批大型木制三桅护卫舰，总计共有6艘：宪法号、切萨皮克号、星座号、总统号、美国号、国会号。这些舰艇是美国海军成立时期便建造完成的第一批船舰。1794年3月27日，美国国会通过《1794年海军法案》，其目的在于授权美国海军建立首批的6艘护卫舰，组建第一支护卫舰舰队。其后美国国会根据法案，决定委托建造6艘护卫舰，并为此项计划拨款。
这6艘护卫舰是美国甫刚宣布独立后所建造的第一批舰队，也是美国第一批真正的军舰。在首位美国海军部长本杰明·斯托德特的建议下，这6艘护卫舰的所有舰艇设计，均是交由设计师约书亚·韩福瑞的提议建造的。约书亚建议这批护卫舰应被设计为重型护卫舰，其舰艇比当时的传统护卫舰更长、更快，但船舰也更为坚固。6艘护卫舰的总造价为688,888.82美元（相当于2024年的19,833,259.52美元）。
因此，这批护卫舰的火力和防御能力足以和当时法国海军或英国皇家海军的同等级护卫舰交战，但速度又足以躲避同时代更大型的风帆战列舰。由船舰采用对角支撑的创新设计，美国造船厂能够建造比以前设想更长、更快的护卫舰。不过这6艘护卫舰也大大超出预算，且交货时间比预期要得晚。在海上战争期间，美国海军这6艘护卫舰曾经与英国皇家海军交战。这6艘护卫舰在绝大多数情况下完成任务，并成为当时美国海军的核心。目前建于1797年的宪法号保存至今，是世界上仍在航行的最古老船只。
参考文献
[编辑]- Allen, Gardner Weld. Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Boston, New York and Chicago: Houghton Mifflin. 1905. OCLC 2618279.
- ——. Our Naval War With France. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1909. OCLC 1202325.
- Beach, Edward L. The United States Navy 200 Years. New York: H. Holt. 1986. ISBN 978-0-03-044711-2. OCLC 12104038.
- Canney, Donald L. Sailing warships of the US Navy. Naval Institute Press. 2001: 46. ISBN 978-1-55750-990-1.
- Chapelle, Howard I. The History of the American Sailing Navy; the Ships and Their Development
. New York: Norton. 1949. OCLC 1471717. - Cooper, James Fenimore. History of the Navy of the United States of America. New York: Stringer & Townsend. 1856. OCLC 197401914.
- Daughan, George C. If By Sea: The Forging of *the American Navy-- From the American Revolution to the War of 1812. New York: Basic Books. 2008. ISBN 978-0-465-01607-5. OCLC 190876973.
- Fowler, William M. Jack Tars and Commodores: The American Navy, 1783-1815. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1984. ISBN 0-395-35314-9. OCLC 10277756.
- Hollis, Ira N. The Frigate Constitution; The Central Figure of the Navy Under Sail. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1900. OCLC 2350400.
- Humphreys, Henry H. Who Built the First United States Navy?. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. XL no. 4 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania). 1916: 385–411. ISSN 0031-4587. OCLC 1762062.
- Jennings, John. Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S. Constitution. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. 1966. OCLC 1291484.
- Maclay, Edgar Stanton; Smith, Roy Campbell. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 1 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. OCLC 609036.
- ——. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 2 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. ISBN 9780722275009. OCLC 609036.
- Martin, Tyrone G. A Most Fortunate Ship: A Narrative History of "Old Ironsides" Revised. Naval Institute Press. 2003 [1997]. ISBN 1-59114-513-9. OCLC 51022876.
- Morris, Charles. Soley, J. R. , 编. The Autobiography of Commodore Charles Morris U.S.N.. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute). 1880, VI (12): 111–219. ISSN 0041-798X. OCLC 2496995.
- Roosevelt, Theodore. The Naval War of 1812 3rd. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. 1883 [1882]. OCLC 133902576.
- Smelser, Marshall. The Congress Founds the Navy, 1787–1798. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1959. OCLC 422274.
- Toll, Ian W. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the US Navy. New York: W. W. Norton. 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5. OCLC 70291925.
- Wood, Virginia Steele. Live Oaking: Southern Timber for Tall Ships. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0930350208. OCLC 7795440.
