美國海軍最初的六艘巡防艦
外觀
![本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png)
美國海軍最初的六艘巡防艦是指美國第一批大型木製三桅巡防艦,總計共有6艘:憲法號、切薩皮克號、星座號、總統號、美國號、國會號。這些艦艇是美國海軍成立時期便建造完成的第一批船艦。1794年3月27日,美國國會通過《1794年海軍法案》,其目的在於授權美國海軍建立首批的6艘巡防艦,組建第一支巡防艦艦隊。其後美國國會根據法案,決定委託建造6艘巡防艦,並為此項計劃撥款。
這6艘巡防艦是美國甫剛宣布獨立後所建造的第一批艦隊,也是美國第一批真正的軍艦。在首位美國海軍部長班傑明·斯托德特的建議下,這6艘巡防艦的所有艦艇設計,均是交由設計師約書亞·韓福瑞的提議建造的。約書亞建議這批巡防艦應被設計為重型巡防艦,其艦艇比當時的傳統巡防艦更長、更快,但船艦也更為堅固。6艘巡防艦的總造價為688,888.82美元(相當於2024年的19,833,259.52美元)。
因此,這批巡防艦的火力和防禦能力足以和當時法國海軍或英國皇家海軍的同等級巡防艦交戰,但速度又足以躲避同時代更大型的風帆戰艦。由船艦採用對角支撐的創新設計,美國造船廠能夠建造比以前設想更長、更快的巡防艦。不過這6艘巡防艦也大大超出預算,且交貨時間比預期要得晚。在海上戰爭期間,美國海軍這6艘巡防艦曾經與英國皇家海軍交戰。這6艘巡防艦在絕大多數情況下完成任務,並成為當時美國海軍的核心。目前建於1797年的憲法號保存至今,是世界上仍在航行的最古老船隻。
參考文獻
[編輯]- Allen, Gardner Weld. Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Boston, New York and Chicago: Houghton Mifflin. 1905. OCLC 2618279.
- ——. Our Naval War With France. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1909. OCLC 1202325.
- Beach, Edward L. The United States Navy 200 Years. New York: H. Holt. 1986. ISBN 978-0-03-044711-2. OCLC 12104038.
- Canney, Donald L. Sailing warships of the US Navy. Naval Institute Press. 2001: 46. ISBN 978-1-55750-990-1.
- Chapelle, Howard I. The History of the American Sailing Navy; the Ships and Their Development
. New York: Norton. 1949. OCLC 1471717.
- Cooper, James Fenimore. History of the Navy of the United States of America. New York: Stringer & Townsend. 1856. OCLC 197401914.
- Daughan, George C. If By Sea: The Forging of *the American Navy-- From the American Revolution to the War of 1812
. New York: Basic Books. 2008. ISBN 978-0-465-01607-5. OCLC 190876973.
- Fowler, William M. Jack Tars and Commodores: The American Navy, 1783-1815. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1984. ISBN 0-395-35314-9. OCLC 10277756.
- Hollis, Ira N. The Frigate Constitution; The Central Figure of the Navy Under Sail. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1900. OCLC 2350400.
- Humphreys, Henry H. Who Built the First United States Navy?. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. XL no. 4 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania). 1916: 385–411. ISSN 0031-4587. OCLC 1762062.
- Jennings, John. Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S. Constitution. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. 1966. OCLC 1291484.
- Maclay, Edgar Stanton; Smith, Roy Campbell. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 1 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. OCLC 609036.
- ——. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898 2 New. New York: D. Appleton. 1898 [1893]. ISBN 9780722275009. OCLC 609036.
- Martin, Tyrone G. A Most Fortunate Ship: A Narrative History of "Old Ironsides" Revised. Naval Institute Press. 2003 [1997]. ISBN 1-59114-513-9. OCLC 51022876.
- Morris, Charles. Soley, J. R. , 編. The Autobiography of Commodore Charles Morris U.S.N.. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute). 1880, VI (12): 111–219. ISSN 0041-798X. OCLC 2496995.
- Roosevelt, Theodore. The Naval War of 1812 3rd. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. 1883 [1882]. OCLC 133902576.
- Smelser, Marshall. The Congress Founds the Navy, 1787–1798. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1959. OCLC 422274.
- Toll, Ian W. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the US Navy. New York: W. W. Norton. 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5. OCLC 70291925.
- Wood, Virginia Steele. Live Oaking: Southern Timber for Tall Ships. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0930350208. OCLC 7795440.