转录噪音

转录噪音（Transcriptional noise）为近等基因细胞群体中各个细胞转录差异产生的主要原因（参见细胞噪音（英语：cellular noise））^[1]。人们认为，转录噪音的一个诱因为转录暴增（英语：Transcriptional bursting）^[2]^[3]^[4]，不过其他异质性诱因，比如细胞在有丝分裂过程中发生的不等分裂，也可能在相当程度上诱发了转录噪音^[5]。暴增的转录，和转录简单的概率模型不同，反映了不定期来回波动的基因活性的多样状态。这在细胞之间产生了蛋白质表达的差异。基因表达的噪音对细胞行为有着巨大的影响，而且，这种噪音不是达到协调统一的状态，就是逐渐减弱。在某些情况下，比如微生物要在多变的环境中生存，或者于几种散分化中，这样的变化是不可或缺的^[6]。这样的变化亦对临床治疗的效果产生影响，比如细菌可能因为非遗传学的原因对抗生素产生抗药性^[7]。基因表达的变化亦可增强癌细胞亚群对化疗的抵抗力^[8]。

参考

^ Raj, A; Van Oudenaarden, A. Nature, nurture, or chance: stochastic gene expression and its consequences. Cell. 2008, 135 (2): 216–26. PMC 3118044 . PMID 18957198. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.050.
^ Golding, I; Paulsson, J; Zawilski, SM; Cox, EC. Real-time kinetics of gene activity in individual bacteria. Cell. 2005, 123 (6): 1025–36. PMID 16360033. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.031.
^ Chubb, JR; Trcek, T; Shenoy, SM; Singer, RH. Transcriptional pulsing of a developmental gene. Current Biology. 2006, 16 (10): 1018–25. PMID 16713960. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.092.
^ Raj, A; Peskin, CS; Tranchina, D; Vargas, DY; Tyagi, S. Stochastic mRNA synthesis in mammalian cells. PLoS Biology. 2006, 4 (10): e309. PMC 1563489 . PMID 17048983. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040309.
^ Huh, D.; Paulsson, J. Non-genetic heterogeneity from stochastic partitioning at cell division. Nature Genetics. 2010, 43 (2): 95–100. PMC 3208402 . PMID 21186354. doi:10.1038/ng.729.
^ Losick, R.; Desplan, C. Stochasticity and cell fate. Science. 2008, 320 (5872): 65–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...320...65L. PMC 2605794 . PMID 18388284. doi:10.1126/science.1147888.
^ Lewis, K. Persister Cells. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2010, 64: 357–372. PMID 20528688. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306.
^ Sharma, S. V.; Lee, D. Y.; Li, B.; Quinlan, M. P.; Takahashi, F.; Maheswaran, S.; McDermott, U.; Azizian, N.; Zou, L.; Fischbach, M. A.; Wong, K. K.; Brandstetter, K.; Wittner, B.; Ramaswamy, S.; Classon, M.; Settleman, J. A chromatin-mediated reversible drug tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations. Cell. 2010, 141 (1): 69–80. PMC 2851638 . PMID 20371346. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.027.

[1] Raj, A; Van Oudenaarden, A. Nature, nurture, or chance: stochastic gene expression and its consequences. Cell. 2008, 135 (2): 216–26. PMC 3118044 . PMID 18957198. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.050.

[2] Golding, I; Paulsson, J; Zawilski, SM; Cox, EC. Real-time kinetics of gene activity in individual bacteria. Cell. 2005, 123 (6): 1025–36. PMID 16360033. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.031.

[3] Chubb, JR; Trcek, T; Shenoy, SM; Singer, RH. Transcriptional pulsing of a developmental gene. Current Biology. 2006, 16 (10): 1018–25. PMID 16713960. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.092.

[4] Raj, A; Peskin, CS; Tranchina, D; Vargas, DY; Tyagi, S. Stochastic mRNA synthesis in mammalian cells. PLoS Biology. 2006, 4 (10): e309. PMC 1563489 . PMID 17048983. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040309.

[5] Huh, D.; Paulsson, J. Non-genetic heterogeneity from stochastic partitioning at cell division. Nature Genetics. 2010, 43 (2): 95–100. PMC 3208402 . PMID 21186354. doi:10.1038/ng.729.

[6] Losick, R.; Desplan, C. Stochasticity and cell fate. Science. 2008, 320 (5872): 65–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...320...65L. PMC 2605794 . PMID 18388284. doi:10.1126/science.1147888.

[7] Lewis, K. Persister Cells. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2010, 64: 357–372. PMID 20528688. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306.

[8] Sharma, S. V.; Lee, D. Y.; Li, B.; Quinlan, M. P.; Takahashi, F.; Maheswaran, S.; McDermott, U.; Azizian, N.; Zou, L.; Fischbach, M. A.; Wong, K. K.; Brandstetter, K.; Wittner, B.; Ramaswamy, S.; Classon, M.; Settleman, J. A chromatin-mediated reversible drug tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations. Cell. 2010, 141 (1): 69–80. PMC 2851638 . PMID 20371346. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.027.

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