森林眼镜蛇

森林眼镜蛇
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	眼镜蛇科 Elapidae
属：	眼镜蛇属 Naja
种：	森林眼镜蛇 N. melanoleuca
二名法
	Naja melanoleuca; Hallowell, 1857
异名
	列表 Naja haje var. melanoleuca ; Hallowell, 1857; Naja annulata ; Buchholz & Peters, 1876; Aspidelaps bocagii ; Sauvage, 1884; Naja haje var. leucosticta; Fischer, 1885; Naia melanoleuca ; Boulenger, 1896; Naja leucostica ; Bethencourt-Ferreira, 1930; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Laurent, 1955; Naja melanoleuca melanoleuca ; Capocaccia, 1961; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Broadley, 1962; Naja melanoleuca aurata ; Stucki-Stirn, 1979; Naja subfulva ; Chirio, 2006; Naja melanoleuca subfulva ; Chirio & Lebreton, 2007; Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca ; Wallach, 2009; ;

森林眼镜蛇（学名：Naja melanoleuca），又名黑白眼镜蛇^[4]，为一种分布于非洲中西部的毒蛇，常见于低地森林及热带草原，但亦能适应更干燥的生境及擅长游泳。^[5]其为眼镜蛇属中体型最大的成员，体长可达3.1米，也是非洲最大的眼镜蛇。^[6]此蛇食性广泛，猎物涵盖昆虫及各类体型适合的爬行与哺乳动物。^[4]这种眼镜蛇机警、敏捷、危险性高^[5]^[7]，在受骚扰时会鼓起颈部并抬起前半身，作出攻击的姿势。由于不同因素，被森林眼镜蛇咬伤的人不多，但一旦被咬则需尽快就医，因其可危及生命。^[8]

参考来源

^ Jallow, M., Penner, J., Rödel, M.-O., Luiselli, L., Chippaux, J.-P., Gonwouo, N.L., Kusamba, C. & Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. 2021. Naja melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13265900A13265907. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13265900A13265907.en. Downloaded on 12 August 2021.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Naja melanoleuca. Encyclopedia of Life. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-16）.
^ Naja melanoleuca. ITIS (整合分类学资讯系统). [07-01-2015]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-24）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Naja melanoleuca. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide（阿德雷得大学）. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers. 2005: 71. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.
^ Burton, M. International Wildlife Encyclopedia. United States: Marshall Cavendish Corp; 3rd edition. 2002: 481–482. ISBN 0-7614-7270-3.
^ Haji, R. Venomous snakes and snake bite (PDF). Zoocheck Canada Inc.: 14. [2012-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-04-25）.
^ Immediate First Aid for bites by the Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca). Toxicology. University of California, San Diego. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. Clinical experience with Naja melanoleuca has been very sparse, and few recorded bites have been documented.

[1] Jallow, M., Penner, J., Rödel, M.-O., Luiselli, L., Chippaux, J.-P., Gonwouo, N.L., Kusamba, C. & Zassi-Boulou, A.-G. 2021. Naja melanoleuca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T13265900A13265907. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13265900A13265907.en. Downloaded on 12 August 2021.

[database-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Naja melanoleuca. Encyclopedia of Life. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-16）.

[ITIS-3] Naja melanoleuca. ITIS (整合分类学资讯系统). [07-01-2015]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-24）.

[nm-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Naja melanoleuca. Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Adelaide（阿德雷得大学）. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）.

[Oshea-5] 5.0 ^5.1 O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. United Kingdom: New Holland Publishers. 2005: 71. ISBN 0-691-12436-1.

[Burton-6] Burton, M. International Wildlife Encyclopedia. United States: Marshall Cavendish Corp; 3rd edition. 2002: 481–482. ISBN 0-7614-7270-3.

[Snakes-7] Haji, R. Venomous snakes and snake bite (PDF). Zoocheck Canada Inc.: 14. [2012-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-04-25）.

[Davidson-8] Immediate First Aid for bites by the Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca). Toxicology. University of California, San Diego. [2014-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. Clinical experience with Naja melanoleuca has been very sparse, and few recorded bites have been documented.

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