讨论:人格解体
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[编辑]未翻译内容如下：--Flame 欢迎泡茶 2012年2月29日 (三) 00:29 (UTC)
药理学和致病因
[编辑]人格解体有时也是某种被追求的体验，比如对于使用软性毒品的人而言。它是一些解离药与致幻剂产生的效果，同时也常是咖啡因、酒精、大麻和米诺环素产生的副作用。[1][2][3][4][5] 人格解体也是很多毒品的经典的戒断症状。[6][7][8][9]
由于长期使用苯二氮卓而导致的苯二氮卓依赖可以促使某些人产生人格解体症状和感知混乱；而即使那些每天使用稳定剂量苯二氮卓的人也可能会有这种苯二氮卓戒断综合症出现。[10][11]
Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman在他的《杀人之时》（On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society）一书中指出，军事训练会导致士兵出现人工的人格解体，因此抑制了同情心，使得他们更易于在战场上杀死其他人类。[12]
A hypothesis, posited by writer David Zweig, called Fiction Depersonalization Syndrome, suggests that depersonalization may be triggered by being immersed in a highly mediated environment. [13]
治疗
[编辑]治疗主要是针对潜在致病因素的（无论是器质性的、还是精神性的原因）。如果人格解体是神经元疾病的结果，那么首要方案就是诊断并治疗这种神经元疾病。人格解体可能是诸如肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症、阿尔茨海默氏症、多发性硬化症、莱姆病等其他的影响脑功能的神经元疾病的症状。而对于伴有偏头痛的患者，三环类抗抑郁药物也常常使用。
If depersonalization is a symptom of psychological causes such as developmental trauma, treatment depends on the diagnosis. In case ofdissociative identity disorder or DD-NOS as a developmental disorder, in which extreme developmental traumainterferes with formation of a single cohesive identity, treatment requires proper psychotherapy, and—in the case of additional (co-morbid) disorders such as eating disorders—team of specialists treating such an individual. It can also be a symptom ofborderline personality disorder, which can be treated in the long term with proper psychotherapy and psychopharmacology.[14]
The treatment of chronic depersonalization is considered in depersonalization disorder.
A recently-completed study at Columbia University in New York City has shown positive effects from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to treat depersonalization disorder. Currently, however, the FDA has not approved TMS to treat DP. [来源请求]
A recent Russian study showed that naloxone, a drug used to reverse the intoxicating effects of opioid drugs, can successfully treat depersonalization disorder. According to the study: "In three of 14 patients, depersonalization symptoms disappeared entirely and seven patients showed a marked improvement. The therapeutic effect of naloxone provides evidence for the role of the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of depersonalization."[15]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Stein, M. B.; Uhde, TW. Depersonalization Disorder: Effects of Caffeine and Response to Pharmacotherapy. Biological Psychiatry. 1989, 26 (3): 315–20. PMID 2742946. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90044-9. 已忽略未知参数
|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助) - ^ Raimo, E. B.; R. A. Roemer, M. Moster and Y. Shan. Alcohol-Induced Depersonalization. Biological Psychiatry. 1999, 45 (11): 1523–6. PMID 10356638. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00257-1. 已忽略未知参数
|month=（建议使用|date=） (帮助); - ^ Cohen, P. R. Medication-associated depersonalization symptoms: report of transient depersonalization symptoms induced by minocycline. Southern Medical Journal. 2004, 97 (1): 70–73. PMID 14746427. doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000083857.98870.98.
- ^ Medication-Associated Depersonalization Symptoms.
- ^ Depersonalization Again Finds Psychiatric Spotlight.
- ^ Marriott, S.; P. Tyrer. Benzodiazepine dependence: avoidance and withdrawal. Drug Safety. 1993, 9 (2): 93–103. PMID 8104417. doi:10.2165/00002018-199309020-00003.
- ^ Shufman, E.; A. Lerner and E. Witztum. [Depersonalization after withdrawal from cannabis usage]. Harefuah. 2005, 144 (4): 249–51 and 303. PMID 15889607 （希伯来语）.
- ^ Djenderedjian, A.; R. Tashjian. Agoraphobia following amphetamine withdrawal. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1982, 43 (6): 248–49. PMID 7085580.
- ^ Mourad, I.; M. Lejoyeux and J. Adès. [Prospective evaluation of antidepressant discontinuation]. L'Encéphale. 1998, 24 (3): 215–22. PMID 9696914 （法语）.
- ^ Ashton H. Protracted withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines. J Subst Abuse Treat (benzo.org.uk). 1991, 8 (1-2): 19–28. PMID 1675688. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(91)90023-4.
- ^ Terao T; Yoshimura R, Terao M, Abe K. Depersonalization following nitrazepam withdrawal. Biol Psychiatry. January 15, 1992, 31 (2): 212–3. PMID 1737083. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90209-I.
- ^ Grossman, Dave. On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. Back Bay Books. 1996. ISBN 0-316-33000-0.
- ^ Fiction Depersonalization Syndrome
- ^ Sierra M, Baker D, Medford N; et al. Lamotrigine as an add-on treatment for depersonalization disorder: a retrospective study of 32 cases. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2006, 29 (5): 253–8. PMID 16960469. doi:10.1097/01.WNF.0000228368.17970.DA.
- ^ Nuller, Yuri L.; Morozova, Marina G.; Kushnir, Olga N.; Hamper, Nikita. Effect of naloxone therapy on depersonalization: a pilot study. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute. St-Petersburg, Russia: Journal of Psychopharmacology). 2001, 15 (2): 93–95 [9 August 2009]. PMID 11448093. doi:10.1177/026988110101500205.