用户:BrendaPan/花生果酱三明治

**花生果酱三明治**
	用白面包做的花生果酱三明治
别称	PB&J
起源地	美国
上菜温度	室温
菜品变种	花生酱加果酱、其它坚果酱、奶油或棉花糖酱、或榛果巧克力抹酱
	403 千卡 (1687 千焦)

花生果酱三明治（PB&J) 有花生酱和糖渍水果 — 果酱胶冻（jelly）或果酱（jam）—涂在面包上。可以是开面三明治，也可以夹在对半折起的单片面包。这种三明治在北美洲很常见也很受欢迎，儿童尤其喜爱；一份2002年调查显示，美国人在高中毕业前平均会吃掉1,500份花生果酱三明治。^[1] Smucker's与一些别的公司生产无壳密封三明治（sealed crustless sandwiches）也有花生果酱口味。

这种三明治可以有很多变化，把果酱换成蜂蜜或切片水果，例如：花生酱香蕉三明治。果酱也可以换成棉花糖酱（marshmallow fluff）；直接加入增添风味也可以；这种三明治就称为“Fluffernutter”。

越来越多人吃杏仁酱，因此变成“杏仁果酱”三明治；比较少用其它种坚果酱。把花生酱换成奶油乳酪就变成“奶油乳酪果酱 (CC&J) ”三明治。能多益也可以拿来当抹酱。葵花子酱等种子酱可以替代花生酱。

预先做好，放置一段时间的三明治会因果酱的水分渗透到面包而变得湿软。可以先在面包上涂抹花生酱，利用油脂制作一层疏水性层，再涂果酱。

历史[编辑]

花生酱原本是配各种咸食的，例如西班牙辣椒、乳酪、芹菜、水田芥、苏打饼乾和烤饼干。^[2] 1896年5月的Good Housekeeping 有一份食谱“力劝家庭主妇们使用绞肉机制作花生酱，把它们抹在面包上。” 下个月厨艺杂志Table Talk 出版了一份“花生酱三明治”食谱。^[3]^[4] 1901年的Boston Cooking School Magazine 有一份早期的花生果酱三明治食谱；材料有“三片超薄面包和两种酱，你喜欢的品牌花生酱，另一种则是醋栗或垂丝海棠果胶冻”，还说这是“我所知到最正宗的食谱”。^[5] 在1900年代，随著花生酱价格下降，这种三明治也跟著往社会阶级下层流动。1920年间，随著切片面包问世，，儿童更容易自己制作三明治，花生果酱三明治在儿童间流行起来。^[6]

第二次世界大战以来，花生酱和果酱都在美军的配给军粮清单上。^[7]

每年4月2日是美国的国家花生果酱三明治日。^[8]

营养[编辑]

假设一份花生果酱三明治是用两片白面包、花生酱及草莓果酱各两茶匙制成，约能提供403千卡热量，共有18 g脂质，58 g 碳水和12 g 蛋白质，占了脂质参考膳食摄取量的27%，以及总卡路里的22%。

虽然大约50%的热量都是由脂质提供，而大多数是单元不饱和脂肪和多元不饱和脂肪，美国心脏学会认为对心脏健康有益处。^[9]

制作三明治，每片面包都涂一层花生酱
切开花生果酱三明治的近照，面包已经变得湿软

成分[编辑]

果胶冻是水果口味的抹酱，主成分为果汁；果酱含有压碎的水果和果肉。^[10]

参见[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

^ PB&J is A-OK. Prepared Foods 171.10. Prepared Foods. October 2002 [August 28, 2017].
^ Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea. University of Illinois Press. : 35.
^ McWilliams, Mark. The Story Behind the Dish: Classic American Foods. ABC-CLIO. : 166.
^ Lau, Maya. Who Made That?. New York Times Magazine. June 7, 2013.
^ Julia Davis Chandler, "Peanuts and pralines", Boston Cooking-School Magazine 6:4:188-189 (November 1901) as quoted in Freedman, Paul; Haley, Andrew P.; Lim, Imogene L.; Albala, Ken; Elias, Megan. The History of Five Uniquely American Sandwiches: From tuna fish to the lesser-known woodcock, food experts peer under the bread and find the story of a nation. Smithsonian. November 3, 2017 [December 16, 2019].
^ Food Timeline. Lynne Olver.
^ Why Do Donuts Have Holes?. Citadel Press. : 127.
^ Ward, Matthew. April 2 is National Peanut Butter and Jelly Day. WMC News. April 2, 2019 [April 3, 2019].
^ Corleone, Jill. Are Peanut Butter & Jelly Sandwiches Healthy?. [31 March 2012].
^ What's the difference between jam, jelly and fruit preserves?. TODAY.com. [2019-09-02] （英语）.

外部链接[编辑]

[[Category:花生醬]] [[Category:三明治]]

[Prepared_Foods-1] PB&J is A-OK. Prepared Foods 171.10. Prepared Foods. October 2002 [August 28, 2017].

[2] Peanuts: The Illustrious History of the Goober Pea. University of Illinois Press. : 35.

[3] McWilliams, Mark. The Story Behind the Dish: Classic American Foods. ABC-CLIO. : 166.

[4] Lau, Maya. Who Made That?. New York Times Magazine. June 7, 2013.

[5] Julia Davis Chandler, "Peanuts and pralines", Boston Cooking-School Magazine 6:4:188-189 (November 1901) as quoted in Freedman, Paul; Haley, Andrew P.; Lim, Imogene L.; Albala, Ken; Elias, Megan. The History of Five Uniquely American Sandwiches: From tuna fish to the lesser-known woodcock, food experts peer under the bread and find the story of a nation. Smithsonian. November 3, 2017 [December 16, 2019].

[6] Food Timeline. Lynne Olver.

[7] Why Do Donuts Have Holes?. Citadel Press. : 127.

[8] Ward, Matthew. April 2 is National Peanut Butter and Jelly Day. WMC News. April 2, 2019 [April 3, 2019].

[9] Corleone, Jill. Are Peanut Butter & Jelly Sandwiches Healthy?. [31 March 2012].

[10] What's the difference between jam, jelly and fruit preserves?. TODAY.com. [2019-09-02] （英语）.

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