威廉·尤特莫倫
威廉·尤特莫倫 | |
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William Utermohlen | |
![]() Self-portrait, mixed media on paper, 1967 | |
出生 | 美國賓夕法尼亞州南費城 | 1933年12月5日
逝世 | 2007年3月21日 英國倫敦 | (73歲)
國籍 | 美國(1933–1992年) 英國(1992–2007年) |
教育程度 | 費城美術學院 |
活躍時期 | 1957–2002年 |
知名於 | 被診斷出阿茲海默症後畫的自畫像 |
配偶 | 派翠西亞·雷德蒙(1965年結婚) |
威廉·查爾斯·尤特莫倫(英語:William Charles Utermohlen,1933年12月5日—2007年3月21日),美國具象藝術家,知名於1995年確診阿茲海默症後所繪製的自畫像。尤特莫倫的職業生涯從1957年持續到2001年,其畫作被濃縮成六個時期。《但丁時期》(1964-1966年)受到但丁《地獄》的影響;《啞巴時期》(1968-1970年)和《對話片段》(1989-1991)等系列依據他的早期記憶。
尤特莫倫生於南費城的第一代德國移民家庭,1951年獲得獎學金進入費城美術學院。服完兵役後,他於1953年赴西歐進修。他在那裏從文藝復興和巴洛克藝術家的作品獲得靈感,接著於1957年從美術學院畢業。他於1962年遷居至倫敦,並於1965年與藝術史學家派翠西亞·雷德蒙結婚。1972年他搬到麻薩諸塞州,擔任阿默斯特學院藝術科教師,然後在1975年返回倫敦。
他自1991年開始出現失憶徵兆。1995年被診斷出患有阿茲海默症後,他開始著手創作一系列自畫像,直至2001年無法再提起畫筆。他於2007年3月21日去世,享壽73歲。在其作品刊登於2001年《柳葉刀》雜誌後的幾年間,尤特莫倫的自畫像已陳列於包括芝加哥和倫敦在內的多個藝術展。2019年奧斯卡獎入圍短片《勿忘我》受其自畫像啟發創作。
早年生活
[編輯]威廉·查爾斯·尤特莫倫於1933年12月5日出生於賓夕法尼亞州南費城第一代德國移民家庭[1][2],是家中的獨子[3]。1951年,他獲得獎學金進入賓夕法尼亞美術學院,並接受現實主義藝術家沃爾特·斯圖普菲格的教學指導[4]。尤特莫倫於1953年服完兵役[5],其中包括在加勒比地區的兩年。退伍後不久,他赴西歐深造,遊歷義大利、法國和西班牙等國,期間所見的喬托·迪·邦多納和尼古拉斯·普桑的作品對他影響甚鉅[6]。1957年,他從美術學院畢業[7]。
死亡
[編輯]尤特莫倫於2000年12月起[8]。2002年,他不再繪畫,2004年住進路易絲公主療養院[9]。2007年3月21日,他因肺炎於哈默史密斯醫院病逝,享壽73歲[10]。遺孀派翠西亞表示:「實際上他早在那之前就已經不在了,比爾於2000年逝世,那時疾病意味著他不能再繪畫。」[11]
建樹
[編輯]尤特莫倫的自畫像在2001年登載在醫學雜誌《柳葉刀》上的一篇論文中後引起人們的關注,該論文經常被認為推動了作品的流行[12][a]。 據徐錫稱,這些肖像已被標示為「他職業生涯的焦點」[14]。
評論者將尤特莫倫的作品和文森·梵谷、巴勃羅·畢卡索和愛德華·蒙克類比[15],一些作家也將這些自畫像和馬溫·皮克的插圖相比擬[16]。賽爾表示,尤特莫倫的作品為觀眾提供了「對大腦衰退影響的獨特寫照」[17]。他早期自畫像的存在(讓觀眾可以創造出他精神衰退的延時攝影)[18],以及他的作品讓阿爾茨海默病患者的思想難得一見的想法,是促成他越來越受歡迎的兩個方面[19]。2019年短片《勿忘我》以自畫像為靈感,獲得2020年奧斯卡最佳動畫短片獎提名[20]。
另見
[編輯]- 《時間盡頭的每一角落》,英國電子音樂人The Caretaker以阿爾茨海默症為逐題摹擬的錄音室專輯。
參考資料
[編輯]註解
[編輯]腳註
[編輯]- ^ UK Government.
- ^ The Times 2007;Davenhill 2018,第318頁.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012;Utermohlen,Polini & Boicos 2008,第5頁;Lock 2015,第244頁.
- ^ Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第5頁.
- ^ NBC 2006.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012.
- ^ Bradley et al. 2006,第152頁.
- ^ Derbyshire 2001;BBC 2001b.
- ^ Lock 2015,第245頁.
- ^ Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第7頁.
- ^ Purcell 2012.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012;Utermohlen,Polini & Boicos 2008,第7頁;Tulle 2004,第107頁.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第147頁.
- ^ Hsu 2014,第111頁.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第145頁.
- ^ Forsythe, Williams & Reilly 2017,第2頁.
- ^ Purcell 2012,para. 11.
- ^ Grobar 2020;McLean 2020.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第145-146頁.
- ^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 2020.
參考文獻
[編輯]- The 92nd Academy Awards – 2020. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 9 February 2020 [10 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於10 October 2021).
- Art Portrays Descent into Dementia. American Academy of Neurology. Neurology Today. 19 December 2006 [22 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於17 October 2021). 參數
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) (幫助) - Ball, Philip. Forgetting but not gone: dementia and the arts. The Guardian. 11 March 2017 [21 November 2021]. (原始內容存檔於28 November 2020).
- A portrait of Alzheimer's. BBC. 28 June 2001 [9 December 2021]. (原始內容存檔於24 February 2021).
- Drawing Dementia. BBC. 4 July 2001 [20 December 2021]. (原始內容存檔於12 February 2009).
- Boicos, Chris. William Utermohlen : A Persistence of Memory—Loyola University Museum of Art, Chicago – Chris Boïcos Fine Arts. boicosfinearts.com. 2016 [2 May 2021]. (原始內容存檔於3 May 2021).
- Derbyshire, David. Artist charts his slide into dementia. The Telegraph. 29 June 2001 [10 November 2021]. (原始內容存檔於28 February 2016).
- Self Portraits - Science Gallery Dublin. Dublin Science Gallery. 2016 [22 February 2022]. (原始內容存檔於14 September 2021).
- Gerlin, Andrea. Self-portrait with Alzheimer's: As disease destroyed his mind, artist William Utermohlen made himself the subject.
. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 13 August 2001 [6 February 2022] –透過ProQuest.
- Gerrard, Nicci. Words fail us: dementia and the arts. The Guardian. 19 July 2015 [2 May 2021]. (原始內容存檔於14 August 2021) (英語).
- Grady, Denise. Self-Portraits Chronicle a Descent Into Alzheimer's
. The New York Times. 24 October 2006 [2 May 2021]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始內容存檔於15 August 2021) (美國英語).
- Green, Jonathan; Montpetit, Mignon A.; Diaz, Joanne; Kooken, Wendy. Pursuing the Ephemerel, Painting the Enduring; Alzheimer's and the Artwork of William Utermohlen. Illinois Wesleyan University. 2015 [16 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於7 June 2020).
- Grobar, Matt. 'Memorable' Director Bruno Collet Uses Stop-Motion To Tap Into Aging Painter’s Experience Of Dementia. Deadline. 28 January 2020 [19 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於26 February 2021).
- Hsu, Xi. A portrait of dementia: the symptoms of dementia as a model for exploring complex and fluid subjectivity in portrait-painting. Wollongong, New South Wales: University of Wollongong. 2014 [9 November 2021]. (原始內容存檔於22 March 2015).
- Iacobuzio, Ted. Amherst Student, 1974 June 6, Commencement issue. Amherst Student (Amherst College). 6 June 1974 [1 December 2021]. (原始內容存檔於30 November 2020) –透過Amherst College Digital Collections.
- Jackson, Antonio; Blair, Raymond. Amherst Student, 1974 October 14. Amherst Student (Amherst College). 14 October 1974 [1 December 2021]. (原始內容存檔於17 January 2021) –透過Amherst College Digital Collections.
- McLean, Thomas J. Animated Shorts Long on Talent in Oscar Race. Variety. 4 February 2020. (原始內容存檔於12 August 2021).
- Millin, Leslie. Idols of the eye. Queen's Quarterly. Summer 2007 [27 March 2022] –透過Gale Academic OneFile.
- Artist paints his struggle with Alzheimer's. NBC. 11 March 2006 [13 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於13 September 2021).
- Review: William Utermohlen (1933–2007); Retrospective. New Statesman. 3 May 2012 [4 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於9 April 2021).
- Molinsky, Eric. William Utermohlen. Studio 360. 8 June 2007 [23 February 2022]. (原始內容存檔於13 June 2021).
- Polini, Patrice. William Utermohlen Exhibit Catalog – The Later Works of William Utermohlen: 1995 to 2000 (PDF). Myriad Pharmaceuticals. 2006 [15 January 2022]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於15 January 2022).
- Politis, Evangeline. An intimate portrait of Alzheimer's disease. Loyola University Chicago. 2016 [14 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於14 June 2021).
- Purcell, Andrew. How an Artist Painted His Decline Into Alzheimer's. New Scientist, published by Gizmodo. 31 January 2012 [1 November 2021]. (原始內容存檔於1 November 2021).
- Soricelli, Rhonda L. Commentary: Academic Medicine. Association of American Medical Colleges. November 2006 [11 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於11 August 2021).
- Stennett, Brooke Pawling. Exhibit showcases Alzheimer's through art. ULOOP. 22 February 2016 [26 March 2022] –透過Gale Academic OneFile.
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被忽略 (幫助) - Thometz, Kristen. Arts Program Engages Alzheimer's Patients, Caregivers. WTTW. 16 May 2016 [24 February 2022]. (原始內容存檔於13 May 2021).
- William Utermohlen; The Times. The Times. 1 May 2007 [5 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於6 October 2021).
- Portraits at state capitol reveal plight of Alzheimer's sufferers. Trinity Journal. 20 February 2008 [21 November 2021]. (原始內容存檔於21 November 2021).
- William Charles Utermohlen personal appointments. UK Government. [4 December 2021]. (原始內容存檔於4 December 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia; Polini, Patrice; Boicos, Chris. The Works of William Utermohlen — 1955 to 2000 (PDF). 2008 [19 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於19 August 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Dante Cycle: 1964–1966. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006c [22 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於30 January 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Synagogue St John's Wood. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006d [9 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於28 January 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Mythologies and the Sea. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006g [23 August 2021]. (原始內容存檔於28 February 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Portraits. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006i [24 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於1 February 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Nude Paintings. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006j [24 October 2021]. (原始內容存檔於21 December 2020).
- William Utermohlen (1933–2007) – Retrospective; Wall Street Journal Magazine. The Wall Street Journal. 19 April 2012 [26 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於26 September 2021).
期刊
[編輯]- Cook-Deegan, Robert. Progress Against Alzheimer’s Disease?. Issues in Science and Technology. 2018,. 35, No. 1. JSTOR 26594289.
- Crutch, Sebastian J.; Isaacs, Ron; Rossor, Martin N. Some workmen can blame their tools: artistic change in an individual with Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet. 30 June 2001, 357 (9274): 2129–33. PMID 11445128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05187-4.
- Forsythe, Alex; Williams, Tasmin; Reilly, Ronan G. What Paint Can Tell Us. Neuropsychology (American Psychological Association). January 2017, 31 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1037/neu0000303.
- Frei, Judith; Alvarez, Sarah E.; Alexander, Michelle B. Ways of Seeing: Using the Visual Arts in Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Education. December 2010, 49 (12): 672–676. doi:10.3928/01484834-20100831-04.
- Annual Report (Harvard University Art Museums) No. 2005/2006. Harvard Art Museums (The President and Fellows of Harvard College). 2005. JSTOR 4301690.
- van Buren, Benjamin; Bromberger, Bianca; Potts, Daniel; Miller, Bruce; Chatterjee, Anjan. Changes in Painting Styles of Two Artists With Alzheimer’s Disease. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (Educational Publishing Foundation). February 2013, 7 (1). doi:10.1037/a0029332.
書籍
[編輯]- Bradley, Ronald J.; Harris, R. Adron; Jenner, Peter; Rose, F. Clifford. The Neurobiology of Painting: International Review of Neurobiology. Boston: Elsevier. 19 May 2006 [2022-04-05]. ISBN 978-0-08-046361-2. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-07) (英語).
- Baldwin, Clive; Capstick, Andrea. Tom Kitwood On Dementia: A Reader And Critical Commentary. Maidenhead, Berkshire New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. 1 October 2007 [2022-04-05]. ISBN 978-0-335-22271-1. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-05) (英語).
- Davenhill, Rachael. Looking into Later Life. Place of publication not known: Taylor and Francis. 8 October 2018. ISBN 978-0-429-91582-6.
- Gilhooly, Kenneth J.; Gilhooly, Mary L. M. Aging and Creativity. London: Elsevier. August 2021. ISBN 978-0-128-16615-4 (英語).
- Lock, Margaret. The Alzheimer Conundrum – Entanglements of Dementia and Aging. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 20 October 2015. ISBN 978-0-691-16847-0 (英語).
- Mackowiak, Philip A. Patients as Art; Forty Thousand Years of Medical History in Drawings, Paintings, and Sculpture. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 29 November 2018. ISBN 978-0-190-85823-0.
- Swinnen, Aagje. Popularizing Dementia; Public Expressions and Representations of Forgetfulness. Bielefeld: transcript. 2015. ISBN 978-3-839-42710-1.
- Tulle, Emmanuelle. Old Age and Agency. New York, N. Y.: Nova Science. 2004. ISBN 978-1-590-33884-1 (英語).