水心病
外觀
水心病 | |
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Amblyomma hebraeum,一種蜱蟲,水心菌常見傳播媒介 | |
科學分類 | |
域: | 細菌域 Bacteria |
門: | 假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota |
綱: | α-變形菌綱 Alphaproteobacteria |
目: | 立克次體目 Rickettsiales |
科: | 無形體科 Anaplasmataceae |
屬: | 埃利希氏體屬 Ehrlichia |
種: | 水心病 E. ruminantium
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二名法 | |
Ehrlichia ruminantium Dumler, 2001
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水心病(英語:heartwater),又稱牛仔病(cowdriosis)、胎心病(nintas)或埃希氏菌病(ehrlichiosis),是由蜱蟲傳播的細菌疾病。[1]它由水心菌(Ehrlichia ruminantium,革蘭氏陰性菌的一種)[2]引起,感染物種包含牛、綿羊、山羊、羚羊和水牛等牲畜與野生反芻動物,往往為疫區的畜牧業帶來重大傷害。該疾病的名稱來自其症狀——感染者的肺臟及心臟會蓄積大量液體。[3]
水心病常見於非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南及西印度群島。1830年代,水心菌在南非的綿羊身上首次發現,直至1980年代,該疾病已擴散至加勒比地區。除蜱蟲外,水心菌也會以黃頭鷺等水鳥為傳播媒介,隨之尋找大型脊椎動物為宿主。[3]
部份報告指出,如同多數埃希氏菌一樣,水心病可能演化為人畜共通傳染病。世界衛生組織將其列為法定傳染病。 [4][5][6]
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Peter TF, Burridge MJ, Mahan SM. Ehrlichia ruminantium infection (heartwater) in wild animals. Trends in Parasitology. May 2002, 18 (5): 214–8. PMID 11983602. doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(02)02251-1.
- ^ http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Ehrlichia_ruminantium.html
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Heartwater. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. [2008-04-13]. (原始內容存檔於2008-04-13).
- ^ Allsopp MT, Louw M, Meyer EC. Ehrlichia ruminantium: an emerging human pathogen?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. December 2005, 1063 (1): 358–60. PMID 16481543. doi:10.1196/annals.1355.060.
- ^ Gaddy HG. Using local knowledge in emerging infectious disease research. Social Science & Medicine. August 2020, 258: 113107 [2020-09-25]. PMC 7292947 . PMID 32563166. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113107. (原始內容存檔於2020-10-01).
- ^ Esemu SN, Ndip LM, Ndip RN. Ehrlichia species, probable emerging human pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa: environmental exacerbation. Reviews on Environmental Health. 2011-01-01, 26 (4): 269–79. PMID 22435325. doi:10.1515/REVEH.2011.034.
- Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, et al. Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. November 2001, 51 (Pt 6): 2145–2165. PMID 11760958. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-6-2145 .