熱帶森林

熱帶森林是位於熱帶的森林，大致位於北回歸線與南回歸線之間。有些樹林很難被確定為熱帶森林。雖然溫帶地區的森林很容易根據樹冠密度進行區分，但這種方法並不適用於熱帶森林^[1]。無論是在熱帶地區還是在其他地區，都沒有一個單一的方法來界定什麼是森林^[2]。不過熱帶森林確實分佈廣泛，它的面積將近世界森林總面積的一半^[3]，為45%，其次是寒帶、溫帶和亞熱帶地區的森林^[4]。2018年有超過360萬公頃的熱帶原始森林消失^[5]。

參考文獻

^ Putz, Francis E.; Redford, Kent H. The Importance of Defining 'Forest': Tropical Forest Degradation, Deforestation, Long-term Phase Shifts, and Further Transitions. Biotropica (Wiley). September 14, 2009, 42 (1): 10–20. ISSN 0006-3606. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00567.x.
^ Anatoly Shvidenko, Charles Victor Barber, Reidar Persson et al. 2005 "Millennium Ecosystem Assessment." Ecosystems and human wellbeing: a framework for assessment Washington, DC: Island Press
^ D』Annunzio, Rémi, Lindquist, Erik J., MacDicken, Kenneth G. 2017 「Global forest land-use change from 1990 to 2010:an update to a global remote sensing survey of forests Forest Resource Assessment Working Paper 187」 FAO, Rome.
^ Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Key findings. FAO. 2020. ISBN 978-92-5-132581-0. doi:10.4060/ca8753en.
^ Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life. Scientists reveal 1 million species at risk of extinction in damning UN report （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） 6 May 2019 Guardian

外部連結

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：熱帶森林

[Putz_etal-1] Putz, Francis E.; Redford, Kent H. The Importance of Defining 'Forest': Tropical Forest Degradation, Deforestation, Long-term Phase Shifts, and Further Transitions. Biotropica (Wiley). September 14, 2009, 42 (1): 10–20. ISSN 0006-3606. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00567.x.

[Shvidenko_etal-2] Anatoly Shvidenko, Charles Victor Barber, Reidar Persson et al. 2005 "Millennium Ecosystem Assessment." Ecosystems and human wellbeing: a framework for assessment Washington, DC: Island Press

[3] D』Annunzio, Rémi, Lindquist, Erik J., MacDicken, Kenneth G. 2017 「Global forest land-use change from 1990 to 2010:an update to a global remote sensing survey of forests Forest Resource Assessment Working Paper 187」 FAO, Rome.

[4] Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Key findings. FAO. 2020. ISBN 978-92-5-132581-0. doi:10.4060/ca8753en.

[5] Human society under urgent threat from loss of Earth's natural life. Scientists reveal 1 million species at risk of extinction in damning UN report （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） 6 May 2019 Guardian

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