使用者:廣大草/市場社會主義

市場社會主義是一種經濟體系，涉及市場經濟框架下生產資料的公有制、合作社或社會所有制。市場社會主義與非市場社會主義的區別在於其市場機制被用於分配資本品的和生產資料。 ^[1]^[2]^[3] 根據市場社會主義的具體模式，社會所有的企業產生的利潤(即沒有重新投入到擴大公司淨收入)能夠以各種方式直接報酬給雇員，作為公共財政來源或者以社會紅利分配給人民。^[4]

市場社會主義與混合經濟的概念不同，因為與混合經濟不同，市場社會主義模式是一種完整並具有自我調節系統的模式。引用錯誤：<ref>標籤中未填內容的引用必須填寫name屬性市場社會主義也與資本主義市場經濟體內實施的社會民主政策不同：社會民主主義旨在通過稅收、補貼和社會福利計劃等政策措施實現更大的經濟穩定和平等，而市場社會主義旨在通過改變企業所有權和管理模式實現類似目標。引用錯誤：<ref>標籤中未填內容的引用必須填寫name屬性

雖然自19世紀初以來一直存在涉及由社會所有要素市場的經濟提議，但「市場社會主義」一詞僅首次出現在20世紀20年代的社會主義計算爭論中。^[5] 當代市場社會主義源於社會主義經濟學家在20世紀早期到中期的社會主義計算辯論中，他們認為社會主義經濟既不能在自然單位的計算基礎上發揮作用，也不能通過求解經濟協調的聯立方程組來實現。並且在社會主義經濟中需要資本市場。^[6]

參考文獻

^ O'Hara, Phillip. Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. September 2000: 71. ISBN 978-0415241878. Market socialism is the general designation for a number of models of economic systems. On the one hand, the market mechanism is utilized to distribute economic output, to organize production and to allocate factor inputs. On the other hand, the economic surplus accrues to society at large rather than to a class of private (capitalist) owners, through some form of collective, public or social ownership of capital.
^ Buchanan, Alan E. Ethics, Efficiency and the Market. Oxford University Press US. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8476-7396-4, pp. 104–05
^ Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century, 2003, by Gregory and Stuart. ISBN 0-618-26181-8. (p. 142): "It is an economic system that combines social ownership of capital with market allocation of capital...The state owns the means of production, and returns accrue to society at large."
^ Social Dividend versus Basic Income Guarantee in Market Socialism, by Marangos, John. 2004. International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 34, no. 3, Fall 2004.
^ Steele, David Ramsay. From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. September 1999: 177. ISBN 978-0875484495. It was in the early 1920s that the expression 『market socialism』 (marktsozialismus) became commonplace. A special term was considered necessary to distinguish those socialists prepared to accept some role for factor markets from the now mainstream socialists who were not.
^ Roemer, John. A Future for Socialism. Harvard University Press. January 1, 1994: 28. ISBN 978-0674339460. The first stage was marked by the realization by socialists that prices must be used for economic calculation under socialism; accounting in some kind of 『natural unit,』 such as the amount of energy or labor commodities embodied, simply would not work. The second stage was characterized by the view that it would be possible to calculate the prices at which general equilibrium would be reached in a socialist economy by solving a complicated system of simultaneous equations… The third stage was marked by the realization, by Lange and others, that markets would indeed be required to find the socialist equilibrium…

[[Category:經濟意識形態]] [[Category:新古典經濟學派]] [[Category:社会主义]]

[1] O'Hara, Phillip. Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. September 2000: 71. ISBN 978-0415241878. Market socialism is the general designation for a number of models of economic systems. On the one hand, the market mechanism is utilized to distribute economic output, to organize production and to allocate factor inputs. On the other hand, the economic surplus accrues to society at large rather than to a class of private (capitalist) owners, through some form of collective, public or social ownership of capital.

[2] Buchanan, Alan E. Ethics, Efficiency and the Market. Oxford University Press US. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8476-7396-4, pp. 104–05

[3] Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century, 2003, by Gregory and Stuart. ISBN 0-618-26181-8. (p. 142): "It is an economic system that combines social ownership of capital with market allocation of capital...The state owns the means of production, and returns accrue to society at large."

[Social_Dividend_versus_Basic_Income_Guarantee_in_Market_Socialism,_2004-4] Social Dividend versus Basic Income Guarantee in Market Socialism, by Marangos, John. 2004. International Journal of Political Economy, vol. 34, no. 3, Fall 2004.

[5] Steele, David Ramsay. From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. September 1999: 177. ISBN 978-0875484495. It was in the early 1920s that the expression 『market socialism』 (marktsozialismus) became commonplace. A special term was considered necessary to distinguish those socialists prepared to accept some role for factor markets from the now mainstream socialists who were not.

[6] Roemer, John. A Future for Socialism. Harvard University Press. January 1, 1994: 28. ISBN 978-0674339460. The first stage was marked by the realization by socialists that prices must be used for economic calculation under socialism; accounting in some kind of 『natural unit,』 such as the amount of energy or labor commodities embodied, simply would not work. The second stage was characterized by the view that it would be possible to calculate the prices at which general equilibrium would be reached in a socialist economy by solving a complicated system of simultaneous equations… The third stage was marked by the realization, by Lange and others, that markets would indeed be required to find the socialist equilibrium…

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]