帕馬語族
外觀
帕馬語族 | |
---|---|
地理分佈 | 澳大利亞昆士蘭州約克角半島 |
譜系學分類 | 帕瑪-努干語系
|
分支 |
—
|
– | |
Glottolog | pama1251[1] |
帕馬語族(綠色)和其他帕瑪-努干語系(棕褐色) |
帕馬語族屬於帕瑪-努干語系,主要分佈在澳大利亞昆士蘭州的約克角半島,最早由語言學家肯尼斯·黑爾提出。[2][3]
分類
[編輯]帕馬語族能夠被細分為以下幾個語支: [4]
順着東海岸分別為:
- 北約克角帕馬語支 (Northern Paman and Umpila)
- 烏姆賓德哈姆語支 (Umbindhamu) (†)
- 拉馬拉米克語支(Lamalamic): Umbuygamu (†), Lama-Lama (幾近絕跡) (密切關聯)
- 雅爾加拉瓦語支 (Yalgawarra) (分佈於弗林德斯島) (†)
- 雅蘭吉克語支(Yalanjic): Guugu Yimidhirr, Gugu Yalandyi, Barrow Point (†)
- 姆拉里曼-古丁馬語支(Mbariman-Gudhinma) (Gugu Warra) (內陸) (†)
- 迪亞布加逸語支(Djabugay) (†)
順着西海岸分別為:
- 北約克角帕馬語支 (Northern Paman and Umpila)
- 西南帕馬語支 (Southwestern) (See)Gurdjar language
- 科克納爾語支 (Kok Narr) (†)
- 諾爾曼-帕馬語支(Norman Paman): 葛地爾語、丘森特語(密切相關)
- 古加迪語支(Gugadj) (†)
在內陸還有:
- Thaypan (Rarmul Pama, closely related): Thaypan (?Rarmul) (nearly extinct), Aghu Tharrnggala (†), Ikarranggali–Alungul–Angkula (†), Takalak (†)
- Southern: Agwamin (†), Mbabaram (†), Mbara (†), Walangama (†)
另見
[編輯]- 帕瑪-努干語系(Pama–Nyungan languages)
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). Paman. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia; A Research Report. Oceanic Linguistics (Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 3, No. 2). 1964, 3 (2): 248–265. JSTOR 3622881. doi:10.2307/3622881.
- ^ Hale, Kenneth L. The Paman group of the Pama–Nyungan phylic family. Appendix to Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six, by G.N. O'Grady, C. F. & F.M. Voegelin. Anthropological Linguistics. 1966, 8 (2): 162–197.
- ^ See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii.
參考文獻
[編輯]- Dixon, R. M. W. Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. 2002.