河口螺屬

河口螺屬
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	河口螺科 Iravadiidae
屬：	河口螺屬 Iravadia; Blanford（英語：William Thomas Blanford）, 1867
模式種
	Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867;
異名
	Dipsotoma Laseron, 1956; Fairbankia Stoliczka, 1868; Iraqirissoa Dance & Eames, 1966; Iravadia (Fairbankia) Stoliczka, 1868; Iravadia (Fluviocingula) Kuroda & Habe, 1954; Iravadia (Iravadia) Blanford, 1867; Iravadia (Pseudomerelina) Ponder, 1984; Iravadia (Pseudonoba) Boettger, 1902; Lucidinella Laseron, 1956; Paronoba Laseron, 1950; Pseudonoba O. Boettger, 1902; Sinusicola Kuroda & Habe, 1950 (unavailable name: established without description);

河口螺屬（學名：Iravadia），又名埃列螺屬^[3]或金環螺屬^[4]，是一類體型非常細小，而且很可能是兩棲的陸生蝸牛（英語：land snail）的屬，有鰓和螺厴的半陸生腹足綱軟體動物，是河口螺科物種裏的微小貝^[2]。

這些微細的蝸牛棲息於潮濕的環境，例如：腐爛的植被，而且距離海洋的邊沿很近。牠們能夠忍受當漲潮時被湧上岸的鹹水洗刷。Vaught (1989)把本屬物種列為淡水物種^[5]。

分佈[編輯]

本屬物種分佈於日本沿海、香港、台灣、澳洲、印度、新西蘭、阿拉伯、法國等地區^[6]。

分類學[編輯]

William Thomas Blanford（英語：William Thomas Blanford）於1867年建立本屬，當時屬於麂眼螺科^[1]。

物種[編輯]

本屬物種計有：

細紋河口螺
Iravadia angulata (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia aristaei (Melvill, 1912)
Iravadia atemeles (Melvill, 1912)
柏衲埃列螺 Iravadia bombayana (Stoliczka, 1868)
Iravadia capitata (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia carpentariensis (Hedley, 1912)
Iravadia cochinchinensis (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1910)
Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
Iravadia densilabrum (Melvill, 1912)
† Iravadia dolini Lozouet, 2003^[7]
Iravadia elongata (Hornung & Mermod, 1928)
Iravadia expansilabrum Ponder, 1984
Iravadia gemmata Ponder, 1984
Iravadia goliath (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia ictriella (Melvill, 1910)
Iravadia inflata (Ponder, 1967)
錦繡埃列螺 Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867：模式種^[7]^[3]
Iravadia padangensis (Thiele, 1925)
Iravadia pilbara Golding, 2014
Iravadia profundior Ponder, 1984
方格河口螺 Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
Iravadia quadrina (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia rohdei (Brandt, 1968)
Iravadia sublaevis (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia subquadrata (Laseron, 1950)
Iravadia tenuilirata (Boettger, 1893)
Iravadia yendoi (Yokoyama, 1927)

異名：

Iravadia annandalei Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900^[8]^[9]：今作Pellamora australis (Hedley, 1901)，屬皮拉螺屬。
Iravadia bella (A. Adams, 1853): synonym of Iravadia delicata (Philippi, 1849)
Iravadia elegantula (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of Fluviocingula elegantula (A. Adams, 1861)
Iravadia ennurensis Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
Iravadia funerea Preston, 1916: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893): synonym of Pseudomerelina mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)
環紋河口螺 Iravadia reflecta Laseron, 1956^[10]：今作Pellamora reflecta (Laseron, 1956)，屬皮拉螺屬。
Iravadia nipponica (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Fluviocingula nipponica Kuroda & Habe, 1954
Iravadia princeps Preston, 1915: synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867
Iravadia resima (Laseron, 1956): synonym of Fluviocingula resima (Laseron, 1956)
Iravadia reticulata Brandt, 1968: synonym of Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893)
Iravadia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954): synonym of Wakauraia sakaguchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1954)
Iravadia trochlearis (Gould, 1861): synonym of Stosicia annulata (Dunker, 1859)
Iravadia tuberculata Brandt, 1974: synonym of Iravadia mahimensis (Melvill, 1893)

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Blanford W. T. (1867). "Contributions to Indian Malacology, No. VIII. List of Estuary shells collected in the delta of the Irawady, in Pegu, with descriptions of the new species". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal（英語：Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal） 36(2): 51-72, page 56, plate 2, figure 13-14.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Iravadia Blanford, 1867. WoRMS. [2012-08-12].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 国际贝库：锦绣埃列螺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2020-12-30]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.
^ 張素萍. 黃渤海軟體動物圖志. 科學出版社. 2016-03-01 [2020-12-30]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-19）（中文（簡體））.
^ Vaught, K. C. R. Tucker Abbott; Kenneth J. Boss , 編. A classification of the living mollusca. 1989 （英語）.
^ Template:Shelldoc 000295
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Lozouet P. (2003). "A new species of Iravadia s.s. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Iravadiidae) from the late Oligocene of the Aquitaine Basin (southern France). The earliest record of brackish-water Iravadiidae?". Geodiversitas 25(2): 237-242. PDF （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.
^ 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）. [2013-01-24] （中文（臺灣））.
^ 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 臺灣物種名錄. 臺灣: 中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心（中文（臺灣））.
^ 国际贝库：环纹河口螺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

外部連結[編輯]

Ponder W. F. (1984) A review of the genera of the Iravadiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea) with an assessment of the relationships of the Family. Malacologia 25(1): 21-71 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[Blanford_1867-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Blanford W. T. (1867). "Contributions to Indian Malacology, No. VIII. List of Estuary shells collected in the delta of the Irawady, in Pegu, with descriptions of the new species". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal（英語：Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal） 36(2): 51-72, page 56, plate 2, figure 13-14.

[WoRMS_205147-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Iravadia Blanford, 1867. WoRMS. [2012-08-12].

[shell_6092-3] 3.0 ^3.1 国际贝库：锦绣埃列螺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2020-12-30]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.

[Zhang_2016-4] 張素萍. 黃渤海軟體動物圖志. 科學出版社. 2016-03-01 [2020-12-30]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-19）（中文（簡體））.

[5] Vaught, K. C. R. Tucker Abbott; Kenneth J. Boss , 編. A classification of the living mollusca. 1989 （英語）.

[shelldoc_000295-6] Template:Shelldoc 000295

[Lozouet_2003-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Lozouet P. (2003). "A new species of Iravadia s.s. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Iravadiidae) from the late Oligocene of the Aquitaine Basin (southern France). The earliest record of brackish-water Iravadiidae?". Geodiversitas 25(2): 237-242. PDF （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.

[8] 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 臺灣生物多樣性資訊機構（TaiBIF）. [2013-01-24] （中文（臺灣））.

[9] 澳洲金環螺 Iravadia australis Hedley, 1900. 臺灣物種名錄. 臺灣: 中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心（中文（臺灣））.

[10] 国际贝库：环纹河口螺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

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