維基百科:維基媒體基金會針對付費編輯與公開使用者個人資料的公開聲明

維基百科,自由的百科全書

在維基百科上調查非公開的付費編輯,通常會涉及搜索維基百科外的身份資料。比方說招募打工網站上的工作清單、在公司網站上的真實身份、或可以連結第三方網站上的帳戶名稱和身份,上述資訊都能提供證據,證明在維基百科上某位使用者進行了有利益衝突問題的維基百科編輯工作。這些調查的透明、公開記錄,得以讓其他使用者出付費編輯之間的關係,讓累犯的行為曝光、也才能確保進行中調查的真誠性。

但另一方面,英文維基百科的騷擾政策規定(備註:中文維基百科也這麼規定,但本文是翻譯自英文的維基媒體基金會公開聲明,故一切以原文直譯),編輯者的個人資料不應在維基百科上被揭露,甚至連討論一個人的其他筆名都可能引起爭議,這在調查付費編輯或利益衝突這類問題的情況下時,調查人員應該只能私下以郵件的方式傳遞情報給管理員、仲裁委員會、或維基媒體基金會等單位的工作人員。

禁止公開個人資料的政策,與需要有效率調查非公開揭露付費編輯行為產生了衝突:認真負責的維基百科使用者,在進行調查並找到了違反付費編輯公開揭露的行為時,會想要知道有什麼方式能夠公開這些調查的同時,避免違反了禁止公開個人資料的政策。

維基媒體基金會的法務觀點[編輯]

WMF法律被要求澄清我們的角色在打擊秘密支付編輯的項目,並提供我們的意見郊遊與支付編輯調查的衝突。(WMF Legal has been asked to clarify our role in combating undisclosed paid editing on the projects and to provide our opinion on the outing vs. paid editing investigation conflict.)

首先,它應該明白我們的立場是諮詢。私隱權政策適用於收集的數據由維基媒體基金會基金會的合作夥伴,通過一些用戶在特殊角色(比如checkusers),或者通過一些第三方提供數據基礎。它並不適用於公開可見的帖子上的用戶項目或從其他網站收集的信息,後來發佈的項目。因此,我們認為代表我們認為最好的方式來處理這些問題,但並不代表一個法律要求的項目。(First, it should be understood that our position here is advisory. The privacy policy applies to data collected by the Wikimedia Foundation, by Foundation partners, by some users in special roles (such as checkusers), or by some third parties who provide data to the Foundation. It does not apply to the publicly visible postings of users on the projects or to information collected from other websites and later posted to the projects. As such, our opinion represents our view of the best way to handle these issues, but does not represent a legal requirement for the projects.)

社群的角色[編輯]

在我們看來,社區成員感興趣的這些問題在保護項目中扮演最重要的角色。如果用戶違反使用條款或任何其他政策,第一個行動是幫助教育用戶,警告他們關於這個問題,或者封鎖該用戶。我們的角色在WMF法律來支持這些社區決策是必要的。我們的工具能夠提供支持的社區行動,解決嚴重的情況下,和防止濫用Wikimedia商標。In our view, community members who are interested in these issues play the most important role in protecting the projects. If a user violates the Terms of Use or any other policy, the first course of action is to help educate the user, warn them about the issue, or block that user as appropriate. Our role in WMF Legal is to back up these community decisions as necessary. Our tools are able to provide support to community actions, address severe situations, and prevent misuse of the Wikimedia trademarks.)

我們還認為某種程度的透明度調查幫助社區做得更好打擊秘密支付編輯。發佈和討論等信息連結到一個編輯的職位,公司簡介,或者其他信息連接編輯器來編輯一篇文章主題支付可以是一個有效的方法來識別和阻止秘密支付編輯。這些透明的調查也可能有助於防止濫用和確保人們不會真正連接到編輯支付可以有機會解釋自己的情況如果情況下導致錯誤的發生。同樣重要的是要記住,WP:OUTING不能用來避免使用條款的披露要求:如果有人編輯公司未披露,管理員正確發佈人的公司,相關調查正在幫助把賬戶符合這些要求。(We also think that some degree of transparency in investigations helps the communities do a better job combating undisclosed paid editing. Posting and discussing information such as links to an editor’s job posting, company profile, or other information connecting that editor to editing an article subject for pay can be an effective way to identify and stop undisclosed paid editing. These kinds of transparent investigations may also help prevent abuse and ensure that people who aren’t actually connected to editing for pay can have an opportunity to explain their situation if circumstances cause a mistake to happen. It’s also important to remember that WP:OUTING can’t be used as a way to avoid the disclosure requirements in the Terms of Use: if someone is editing for a company and fails to disclose it, an admin properly posting that person’s company where it is relevant to an investigation is helping bring the account into compliance with those requirements.)

假如抽象看待規則,有時很難判斷此類發佈是否恰當,難以劃清發佈個人信息騷擾別人與公正、透明調查之間的界線。然而我們看到,維基社群曾在艱難的情況下作出所需的判斷,解決問題。在我們看來,不斷煩擾、發佈某人的訊息,絕非恰當。至於無辜者的個人信息,即使僅發佈一次,惡意使其受關注,亦不恰當。但是,如上所述,我們認為在善意的調查當中,發佈一些先前已公開的個人資料,是適當的做法。我們信任諸位編輯、管理員、敏感權限持有人,在絕大多數情況下,能夠區分騷擾與合適地標記已公開個人資料兩者的差異,而若出現臨界情況,他們可以聯絡基金會。

下列要素,可能有助於區分誠信調查或是騷擾之間的差異所在:

  • 被公開的資訊類型以及此資訊是否超過調查之必要
  • 資訊的來源(例如來源是否可靠、是否可公開查閱)
  • 此被肉搜的個體或是被公開的資訊,在調查發生之前已經有多高的公共性
  • 在wiki上發佈此訊息的個人,在哪些地方、使用什麼方式、有多頻繁的公開此訊息(也就是說,這個公開訊息的個人是否有用垃圾郵件的方式散播個人資訊?)
  • 為什麼這份資訊會被公開發佈

維基媒體基金會法務的角色[編輯]

WMF法律有很多工具,我們可以用它來幫助解決問題的秘密支付編輯,但他們並不適用於所有情況,他們可以有不同程度的有效性取決於特定情況的細節。(WMF Legal has a number of tools that we can use to help address issues of undisclosed paid editing, but they do not apply to every case and they can have varying levels of effectiveness depending on the details of a particular case.)

首先,我們收集的信息支付編輯每當報告寄給我們或標記。這使我們能夠識別重複球員或有問題的趨勢。(First, we collect information about paid editing whenever reports are sent to us or flagged to us. This allows us to identify repeat players or problematic trends over time.)

第二,我們執行維基商標。人從事不當支付編輯實踐和宣傳他們的服務有時使用全球難題或其他維基標記,這是不公平的挪用Wikimedia項目的商譽為自己的利潤。在這些情況下標記,我們快速響應他們,因為商標法對大多數網站有相對完善的報告制度。這可能導致惡意網站撤下,個人的帖子被刪除,或特定的壞演員被禁止其他網站。(Second, we enforce the Wikimedia trademarks. People who engage in inappropriate paid editing practices and advertise their services sometimes use the puzzle globe or other Wikimedia marks, which is unfairly appropriating the goodwill of the Wikimedia projects for their own profit. When these cases are flagged to us, we respond quickly to them because trademark law has a relatively refined reporting regime on most websites. This can lead to malicious websites being taken down, individual postings being removed, or specific bad actors being banned from other sites. )

第三,我們可以選擇停止發送信件,發現違反使用條款支付相關編輯和阻塞用戶還不足以解決這個問題。這是預留給嚴重的病例,因為我們不想把這種法律打擊人的工具,遵守使用條款或只是犯了一個錯誤。停止突然也留給嚴重病例,因為如果一個失敗,它可能導致訴訟,我們看到作為最後一個選項。(Third, we can choose to send cease and desist letters where violations of the Terms of Use are found related to paid editing and blocking the user hasn’t been enough to solve the problem. This is reserved for severe cases because we do not want to bring this sort of legal tool to bear against someone who is complying with the Terms of Use or has simply made a mistake. Cease and desists are also reserved for severe cases because if one fails, it may lead to a lawsuit, which we see as a final option. )

一般而言,關於私隱這件事[編輯]

我們為用戶社區為自己設定高標準的私隱超出法律要求。有罕見的例子在Wikimedia項目發佈的個人信息被用來騷擾人,我們鼓勵用戶寧可謹慎,避免他人張貼標識信息如果你不確定是否做正確的事情。(We applaud the user communities for setting high standards of privacy for themselves beyond what the law requires. There have been rare instances where posting of personal information on the Wikimedia projects has been used to harass people, and we encourage users to err on the side of caution and avoid posting identifying information of others if you are uncertain about whether you’re doing the right thing by doing so. )

如上所示,我們不認為這是一個硬性的規則適用於當它好發佈公開個人信息。誠信調查所需的人發佈使用條款之類的公司信息的例子發佈一些信息是有益的而不是有害的,在我們看來。而且可能有其他情況,如在打擊破壞一個透明的調查可以幫助用戶確定聯繫不同的傀儡即使不從事編輯。再次,我們建議考慮因素,如信息的來源以及公眾在做出這樣的決定。(As indicated above though, we don’t think there’s a single hard and fast rule that applies to when it’s okay to post publicly available personal information. Good faith investigations on people who are required to post things like company information by the Terms of Use are examples where posting some information is helpful rather than harmful, in our opinion. And there may be other situations such as in combating vandalism where a transparent investigation could help users identify links between different sock puppets even when not engaged in paid editing. Again, though, we recommend considering factors such as the source of the information and how public it is in making such determinations.)

參見[編輯]