弗雷德里克·魏特漢

弗雷德里克·魏特漢
Fredric Wertham
弗雷德里克·魏特漢; Fredric Wertham
出生	Friedrich Ignatz Wertheimer; 1895年3月20日; 德意志帝國巴伐利亞紐倫堡
逝世	1981年11月18日 (aged 86); 美國賓夕法尼亞州坎普頓（英語：Kempton, Pennsylvania）
母校	符茲堡大學（MD）
	科學生涯
研究領域	精神病學
簽名

弗雷德里克·魏特漢（德語：Fredric Wertham，1895年3月20日—1981年11月18日）是一位有猶太血統^[1]的德裔美籍精神病學家，同時也是一位改革作家，積極抗議大眾傳媒和漫畫上據稱對兒童成長有害的暴力畫面。^[2]他最廣為人知的著作《純真的誘惑（英語：Seduction of the Innocent）》，直接導致了美國國會對漫畫產業的調查以及漫畫準則管理局的創建。他將電視稱為「暴力的學校」，並說：「如果我在一條黑暗的小巷裏遇到了一個不守規矩的年輕人，我希望他並沒有看過《我倆沒有明天》（一部改編自美國著名鴛鴦大盜邦妮和克萊德的真實故事的動作片）。」^[3]

個人簡介[編輯]

魏特漢1895年3月20日生於慕尼黑^[2]^[3]。他在德國和英國學習醫學，之後與弗洛伊德一樣，選擇了精神病學為專業。1922年，他受邀到美國馬里蘭州巴爾的摩的約翰斯·霍普金斯醫院加入精神病門診部。他於1927年加入美國籍。^[2]1932年，他移居紐約，指導與紐約地方刑事法庭相關的一家精神病診所，對被定罪的犯人進行精神病測試。^[2]1935年，魏特漢在亞伯特·費雪的審判中作出對他有利的證詞，宣稱費雪是一名精神病患者。^[4]

遺產[編輯]

他的論文（包括未出版著作《兒童戰爭》(The War on Children)的手稿）都被贈與美國國會圖書館，放置在手稿專區。2010年5月20日起，這批論文開放給學者用於研究用途。^[5]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ "Jews and American Comics from Another Angle" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-07-08.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Webster, Bayard. Fredric Wertham, 86, Dies. Foe of Violent TV and Comics. New York Times. December 1, 1981 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-31）. Dr. Fredric Wertham, an internationally known psychiatrist who believed that comic books, movies and television shows that featured crime, violence and horror exerted a damaging influence on many juveniles and young adults, died November 18 at his retirement home in Kempton, Pennsylvania. He was 86 years old.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Death Revealed. Time magazine. December 14, 1981 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-15）. Fredric Wertham, 86, author and psychiatrist who crusaded against violence in comic books, movies and television; on Nov. 18; in Kempton, Pa. Wertham, a Munich-born authority on criminal psychology, argued that violence is a product of cultural influences.
^ Fish Held Insane By Three Experts. Defense Alienists Say Budd Girl's Murderer Was And Is Mentally Irresponsible. New York Times. May 21, 1935 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-27）. Three psychiatrists testified in Supreme Court today that Albert H. Fish, on trial for the murder of Grace Budd in June, 1928, was legally insane when he committed the murder and has been insane since that date.
^ "Wertham's Locked Vault". [2010-12-14]. （原始內容存檔於2010-11-25）.

[1] "Jews and American Comics from Another Angle" 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-07-08.

[obit-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Webster, Bayard. Fredric Wertham, 86, Dies. Foe of Violent TV and Comics. New York Times. December 1, 1981 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-31）. Dr. Fredric Wertham, an internationally known psychiatrist who believed that comic books, movies and television shows that featured crime, violence and horror exerted a damaging influence on many juveniles and young adults, died November 18 at his retirement home in Kempton, Pennsylvania. He was 86 years old.

[timeobit-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Death Revealed. Time magazine. December 14, 1981 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-15）. Fredric Wertham, 86, author and psychiatrist who crusaded against violence in comic books, movies and television; on Nov. 18; in Kempton, Pa. Wertham, a Munich-born authority on criminal psychology, argued that violence is a product of cultural influences.

[4] Fish Held Insane By Three Experts. Defense Alienists Say Budd Girl's Murderer Was And Is Mentally Irresponsible. New York Times. May 21, 1935 [2010-03-29]. （原始內容存檔於2013-11-27）. Three psychiatrists testified in Supreme Court today that Albert H. Fish, on trial for the murder of Grace Budd in June, 1928, was legally insane when he committed the murder and has been insane since that date.

[5] "Wertham's Locked Vault". [2010-12-14]. （原始內容存檔於2010-11-25）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]