朝鮮水軍

朝鮮水軍
朝鮮水軍
조선수군
	軍旗
成立時間	1392年-1895年
國家或地區	朝鮮王朝
效忠於	朝鮮國王
種類	海軍
功能	海戰
駐軍/總部	慶尚南道統營

朝鮮水軍（韓語：조선수군／朝鮮水軍）是朝鮮王朝的海軍，最初奉命保護商船與沿海城鎮免遭倭寇襲擊，後來以參與萬曆朝鮮之役，擊退來襲的日本海軍，保衞朝鮮王朝而知名。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

歷史

朝鮮王朝廢海軍海事，漁船盛行，較太平且重視農業與儒學，輕視且弱化軍隊。

1419年（大明永樂十七年），朝鮮世宗派李從茂東征日本對馬島，以反擊倭寇。李從茂率227艘艦船與約1.7萬兵士登陸對馬島，襲掠倭寇據點。對馬島統治者宗氏要求議和。隨後的外交往來中，宗氏獲准在朝鮮沿海港口貿易，同時遏制倭寇活動。

朝鮮後來研發出木製堅船板屋船，作爲水軍主力，並奉世宗之命研發出利砲。堅船利炮對抗倭寇船隻十分成功。板屋船與水軍廣泛運用於萬曆朝鮮之役，尤其是在李舜臣領導下。李舜臣還依舊制研發出龜船。板屋船與龜船是世上最早有裝甲的軍艦。^[6]

19世紀末，朝鮮水軍除海岸防禦要塞外沒有其他重要的海軍力量。^[7]儘管試圖建立王家海軍學校來使水軍現代化，但朝鮮水軍最終於1895年解散。1903年（光武7年），大韓帝國政府購置了國內首艘現代軍艦揚武號。^[8]1910年（隆熙4年，日本明治43年）日韓合併後，原大韓帝國海軍遭到吞併。

艦船

除龜船與板屋船外，朝鮮水軍還有許多其他艦船：

挾船主要用於偵察。
鼻居刀小而快，萬曆朝鮮之役後消失殆盡。
劍船演變自高麗戈船，像龜船一樣，頂上有鐵釘，但較小，通常約載15人。

朝鮮水軍還使用漁船偵察，有時用於戰鬥。

參考文獻

引用

^ Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98. Osprey Publishing. 2012-11-20: 17 [2015-03-25]. ISBN 9781782007128. ^{[失效連結]} "His naval victories were to prove decisive in the Japanese defeat, although Yi was to die during his final battle in 1598."
^ Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-26）. "Just as a complete Japanese victory appeared imminent, Admiral Yi entered the war and quickly turned the tide."
^ Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140–141. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-17）. "Yi's successes gave Korea complete control of the sea lanes around the peninsula, and the Korean navy was able to intercept most of the supplies and communications between Japan and Korea"
^ Elisonas, Jurgis. "The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea." The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 4. Ed. John Whitney Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. pp. 278
^ 李基白. A New History of Korea. Trans. Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984. pp. 212
^ Archived copy (PDF). [2011-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-09-04）.
^ "The First US Naval Attaché to Korea" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Central Intelligence Agency Official Website. [2007-05-06]
^ "제3장 군사학교의 설립과 사관양성 (PDF Format)" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Ministry of National Defense - Institution for Military History Compilation Official Website. [2007-05-01]

來源

Stephen Turnbull, "Samurai Invasion - Japan's Korean War 1592-1598", Cassel & Co, 2002

[Turnbull_17-1] Turnbull, Stephen. The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98. Osprey Publishing. 2012-11-20: 17 [2015-03-25]. ISBN 9781782007128. ^{[失效連結]} "His naval victories were to prove decisive in the Japanese defeat, although Yi was to die during his final battle in 1598."

[Perez_2013_140-2] Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-26）. "Just as a complete Japanese victory appeared imminent, Admiral Yi entered the war and quickly turned the tide."

[Perez_2013_140–141-3] Perez, Louis. 存档副本. Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO: 140–141. 2013 [2021-04-26]. ISBN 9781598847413. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-17）. "Yi's successes gave Korea complete control of the sea lanes around the peninsula, and the Korean navy was able to intercept most of the supplies and communications between Japan and Korea"

[Elisonas,_Jurgis_1991._pp._278-4] Elisonas, Jurgis. "The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea." The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 4. Ed. John Whitney Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. pp. 278

[Lee,_Ki-baik_1984._pp._212-5] 李基白. A New History of Korea. Trans. Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984. pp. 212

[6] Archived copy (PDF). [2011-04-18]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2012-09-04）.

[7] "The First US Naval Attaché to Korea" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Central Intelligence Agency Official Website. [2007-05-06]

[8] "제3장 군사학교의 설립과 사관양성 (PDF Format)" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Ministry of National Defense - Institution for Military History Compilation Official Website. [2007-05-01]

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