碱性玄武岩

碱性玄武岩（Alkali basalt）或碱性橄榄石玄武岩（alkali olivine basalt）是一种深色斑状喷出岩 ( 火成岩的一种 ) ^[2]，常发现于与火山活动有关的海洋和大陆地区，如海岛、大陆裂谷和火山场等^[3]。碱性玄武岩的特点是相对于其他玄武岩而言，含碱（氧化钠和氧化钾）量相对较高，并且基质和斑晶中存在橄榄石和富钛普通辉石以及符合 CIPW标准的霞石^[4]^[5]。

地球化学特征

碱性玄武岩在化学上被归类为总体碱与二氧化硅（TAS）示意图B区（玄武岩）中的岩石，它的CIPW标准中含有霞石。不含标准霞石的玄武岩特征为亚碱性玄武岩，包括拉斑玄武岩和钙碱性玄武岩^[6]。

岩相

碱性玄武岩基质主要由橄榄石、富钛辉石和斜长石长石组成，可能有碱性长石或似长石间隙，但缺乏二氧化硅矿物，如紫苏辉石和石英^[4]。

斑晶普遍存在于碱性玄武岩中，与基质类似，通常由橄榄石和富钛辉石组成，但也可能含有斜长石和出现率较低的氧化铁^[3]^[4]。

地质背景

碱性玄武岩可发现于与火山活动相关的地区，如海洋岛屿（夏威夷、马德拉群岛^[7]、圣赫勒拿^[8]、阿森松岛）等以及大陆裂谷和火山区^[3]。大陆碱性玄武岩可在各大洲发现，突出的例子是美国格兰德河裂谷（Rio Grande Rift）、东非裂谷和帕里埃克火山区^[9]。

前苏联金星8号上的伽马射线光谱仪测量结果表明，它降落在了金星碱性玄武岩上^[10]。

参考资料

^ Skewes, Milka Alexandra; Stern, Charles R. Petrology and geochemistry of alkali basalts and ultramafic inclusions from the palei-aike volcanic field in Southern Chile and the origin of the patagonian plateau lavas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1979, 6 (1–2): 3–25. Bibcode:1979JVGR....6....3S. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(79)90044-1 （英语）.
^ Basalt | Definition, Properties, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Haldar, S. K. Platinum-Nickel-Chromium Deposits. Elsevier. 2017: 45. ISBN 9780128020418.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Winter, John DuNann. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001: 148, 182. ISBN 0132403420.
^ Irvine, T. N.; Baragar, W. R. A. A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 1971, 8 (5): 523–548. Bibcode:1971CaJES...8..523I. doi:10.1139/e71-055.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Le Maitre, R. W.; Streckeisen, A.; Zanettin, B.; Le Bas, M. J.; Bonin, B.; Bateman, P. (编). Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 36–37. ISBN 9780521662154.
^ Hughes, D. J.; Brown, G. C. Basalts from Madeira: A petrochemical contribution to the genesis of oceanic alkali rock series. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1972, 37 (2): 91–109. Bibcode:1972CoMP...37...91H. ISSN 1432-0967. doi:10.1007/BF00371069 （英语）.
^ Baker, Ian. Petrology of the Volcanic Rocks of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic. GSA Bulletin. 1969, 80 (7): 1283–1310. Bibcode:1969GSAB...80.1283B. ISSN 0016-7606. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1283:POTVRO]2.0.CO;2 （英语）.
^ Farmer, G.L. Rudnick, R.L. , 编. Treatise on Geochemistry: The crust. Gulf Professional Publishing. 2005: 97. ISBN 9780080448473.
^ Ulivi, Paolo; Harland, David M. Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982. Springer. 2007: 159–160. ISBN 9780387493268.

外部链接

Alkali basalt on Mindat.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Skewes, Milka Alexandra; Stern, Charles R. Petrology and geochemistry of alkali basalts and ultramafic inclusions from the palei-aike volcanic field in Southern Chile and the origin of the patagonian plateau lavas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1979, 6 (1–2): 3–25. Bibcode:1979JVGR....6....3S. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(79)90044-1 （英语）.

[2] Basalt | Definition, Properties, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Haldar, S. K. Platinum-Nickel-Chromium Deposits. Elsevier. 2017: 45. ISBN 9780128020418.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Winter, John DuNann. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001: 148, 182. ISBN 0132403420.

[5] Irvine, T. N.; Baragar, W. R. A. A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 1971, 8 (5): 523–548. Bibcode:1971CaJES...8..523I. doi:10.1139/e71-055.

[:3-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Le Maitre, R. W.; Streckeisen, A.; Zanettin, B.; Le Bas, M. J.; Bonin, B.; Bateman, P. (编). Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms. Cambridge University Press. 2002: 36–37. ISBN 9780521662154.

[7] Hughes, D. J.; Brown, G. C. Basalts from Madeira: A petrochemical contribution to the genesis of oceanic alkali rock series. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1972, 37 (2): 91–109. Bibcode:1972CoMP...37...91H. ISSN 1432-0967. doi:10.1007/BF00371069 （英语）.

[8] Baker, Ian. Petrology of the Volcanic Rocks of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic. GSA Bulletin. 1969, 80 (7): 1283–1310. Bibcode:1969GSAB...80.1283B. ISSN 0016-7606. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1283:POTVRO]2.0.CO;2 （英语）.

[9] Farmer, G.L. Rudnick, R.L. , 编. Treatise on Geochemistry: The crust. Gulf Professional Publishing. 2005: 97. ISBN 9780080448473.

[Ulivi159-10] Ulivi, Paolo; Harland, David M. Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982. Springer. 2007: 159–160. ISBN 9780387493268.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]