食物渴望
外观
食物渴望(food craving)是一种想吃特定食物的强烈欲望,与饥饿感不同。[1] 而将非食品当作食物的渴望称为异食癖。[2]
食物渴望不一定是病态的[3],这种渴望并不总是对美味的东西。它也可能是由营养缺乏、无聊或单调的饮食引起的[3]。食物渴望现象的成因可能源自营养素缺乏以及摄取该营养素的驱动力;其次是心理制约,特定的线索或场景诱发个人想吃以往经验中曾与该线索或场景连结的食物。[4]
食物渴望非常普遍,1990年代在加拿大进行的研究发现,97% 的大学女性和 68% 的大学男性表示有过对食物的渴望[5]。在对食物渴望的研究中,巧克力几乎总是排在人们表示渴望的食物之首;[5][6]这种渴望被称为巧克力瘾。
虽然某些食物能够让人“渴望”,但食物是否会像药物和酒精一样成瘾还不太清楚。与渴望不同,食物成瘾更进一步,不仅包括强烈的渴望,而且还表现出对饮食行为的失控和反复过量食用食物,尤其是美味的食物[7]。
而所谓的食物成瘾是否存在,或者一些难以控制自己的食物摄入量的人是否可以被视为食物成瘾者,目前尚无共识。它仍然是一个备受争议的领域。一些研究人员认为,药物和酒精成瘾的定义特征在食物成瘾中并不存在,而其他人则认为它们具有与大脑神经系统变化相关的相似特征[8][9][10]。
食物渴望与高BMI以及可能导致体重增加的行为相关,包括增加零食、饮食不节制、以及暴食/贪食症[11][12]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Craving. The Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Good Health 2nd. Facts on File: 176. 2003. ISBN 978-0-8160-4966-0.
- ^ Young SL. Craving earth: Understanding pica: The urge to eat clay, starch, ice, and chalk.. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 22 October 2012. ISBN 978-0-231-14609-8.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Alonso-Alonso M, Woods SC, Pelchat M, Grigson PS, Stice E, Farooqi S, Khoo CS, Mattes RD, Beauchamp GK. Food reward system: current perspectives and future research needs.. Nutrition reviews. 2015-05-01, 73 (5): 296–307.
- ^ Meule, Adrian. The Psychology of Food Cravings: the Role of Food Deprivation. Current Nutrition Reports. 2020-09-01, 9 (3). ISSN 2161-3311. PMC 7399671
. PMID 32578025. doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00326-0 (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Weingarten, H. P.; Elston, D. Food cravings in a college population. Appetite. 1991-12, 17 (3) [2023-03-25]. ISSN 0195-6663. PMID 1799279. doi:10.1016/0195-6663(91)90019-o. (原始内容存档于2023-03-25). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Rozin, Paul; Levine, Eleanor; Stoess, Caryn. Chocolate craving and liking. Appetite. 1991-12-01, 17 (3) [2023-03-25]. ISSN 0195-6663. doi:10.1016/0195-6663(91)90022-K. (原始内容存档于2023-03-25) (英语). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Davis, Caroline. Evolutionary and neuropsychological perspectives on addictive behaviors and addictive substances: relevance to the "food addiction" construct. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 2014-12. ISSN 1179-8467. doi:10.2147/sar.s56835.
- ^ Jacques, Angela; Chaaya, Nicholas; Beecher, Kate; Ali, Syed Aoun; Belmer, Arnauld; Bartlett, Selena. The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2019-08, 103. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021.
- ^ Ahmed, Serge H.; Guillem, Karine; Vandaele, Youna. Sugar addiction. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2013-07, 16 (4). ISSN 1363-1950. doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328361c8b8.
- ^ Schulte, Erica M.; Avena, Nicole M.; Gearhardt, Ashley N. Which Foods May Be Addictive? The Roles of Processing, Fat Content, and Glycemic Load. PLOS ONE. 2015-02-18, 10 (2). ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117959.
- ^ Delahanty, Linda M.; Meigs, James B.; Hayden, Doug; Williamson, Donald A.; Nathan, David M. Psychological and Behavioral Correlates of Baseline BMI in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Diabetes Care. 2002-11-01, 25 (11). ISSN 0149-5992. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.11.1992.
- ^ Waters, Anne; Hill, Andrew; Waller, Glenn. <17::aid-eat3>3.0.co;2-r Internal and external antecedents of binge eating episodes in a group of women with bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2000, 29 (1). ISSN 0276-3478. doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200101)29:1<17::aid-eat3>3.0.co;2-r.