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细胞外RNA

维基百科,自由的百科全书

细胞外RNA(Extracellular RNA,简称exRNA)又称胞外RNA,泛指位于细胞外的RNA,包括环境中的RNA,以及多细胞生物组织间或体液(消化液、毒液、血液、尿液、精液、尿液等)中的RNA[1][2][3][4][5][6],已知原核生物与真核生物皆可释放RNA到细胞外。胞外RNA的具体功能仍不清楚,但可能与个体或细胞间的讯息传递有关[7][8]

细胞外RNA通常位于外排体细胞外囊泡英语Extracellular vesicles中,或是与蛋白质结合,以避免被核糖核酸酶降解。mRNAtRNAmiRNAsiRNAlnRNA皆有在细胞外被发现,而rRNA虽为细胞中最多的RNA,但很少出现在细胞外[9][10]。有些胞外RNA可作为癌症糖尿病关节炎普利昂疾病生物标记[11][12]美国国家卫生院发起了细胞外RNA通讯联盟(Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium,简称ERCC)的计划以促进此领域的研究[13][14]

参考文献

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  8. ^ Iguchi, H; Kosaka, N; Ochiya, T. Secretory microRNAs as a versatile communication tool.. Communicative & Integrative Biology. September 2010, 3 (5): 478–81. PMC 2974086可免费查阅. PMID 21057646. doi:10.4161/cib.3.5.12693. 
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  13. ^ NIH, USA. ERCC2 Projects. [26 September 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-22). 
  14. ^ Tucker, Ayanna. Research on Cellular 'Packages' Receives $900k in Federal Funding. Newsroom. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 19 August 2019 [26 September 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-22).