缂织壁毯
外观
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缂织壁毯,又称缂织挂毯,是指一种以缂织工艺纺织而成、挂在墙壁廊柱上的一种装饰用的艺术品。早期用羊毛、棉线等纺织,高档壁毯也有用丝绸、金线、银线等纺织,现在多用合成纤维,由织布机制作。缂织壁毯最初的功能是悬挂于房屋内部,以起到挡风御寒的作用。
缂织壁毯较为脆弱且难以制作,因此大多数历史作品都都将艺术品该垂直挂在墙上(或有时挂在帐篷里),或水平挂在桌子或床等家具上。此外,缂织壁毯需要与刺绣等不同技术区分开来,尽管带有图像的大片刺绣有时被粗略地称为“挂毯”, 从中世纪开始,欧洲缂织壁毯其编织面积相当巨大大,它们通常成套制作,这样整个房间都可以挂起来。
在中世纪晚期的欧洲,挂毯是最宏伟、最昂贵的二维图像媒介,尽管在当时的时代,绘画的重要性迅速上升,但至少在16世纪末之前,'缂织壁毯在许多文艺复兴时期的赞助人眼中一直保持着高尚的地位,在法国大革命和拿破仑战争之前 ,欧洲继续发展缂织壁毯,并反映艺术风格的更广泛变化,在19世纪之后,缂织壁毯则较小的规模逐渐复兴。
参考资料
[编辑]- 文献
- Campbell, Thomas P. and Ainsworth, Maryan Wynn, Tapestry in the Renaissance: Art and Magnificence, 2002, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN 9780300093704, fully online
- Campbell (2007): Campbell, Thomas P., Henry VIII and the Art of Majesty: Tapestries at the Tudor Court, 2007, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12234-3, google books
- Campbell (2008): Campbell, Thomas P. “How Medieval and Renaissance Tapestries Were Made.” 2008, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), by Grace Christie, 1912, from Project Gutenberg. Technical handbook.
- Olson, Rebecca. Arras Hanging: The Textile That Determined Early Modern Literature and Drama, University of Delaware Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1611494686
- Osborne, Harold (ed), "Tapestry", in The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts, 1975, OUP, ISBN 0198661134
- Pepper, Simon. "Battle pictures and military scenes" 2 (i), in Grove Art Online (restricted access, refs to sections), accessed March 22, 2011
- Russell, Carol K. Tapestry Handbook. The Next Generation, Schiffer Publ. Ltd., Atglen, PA. 2007, ISBN 978-0-7643-2756-8
- "Tapestries in the Royal Collection" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Royal Collection
- "V&A": "What is tapestry?" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Victoria and Albert Museum
- 书籍
- Ortiz, A.; Carretero, C.; et al. Resplendence of the Spanish monarchy : Renaissance tapestries and armor from the Patrimonio Nacional. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1991 [2022-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-16).
- Thomas P Campbell, Tapestry in the Baroque: Threads of Splendor, 2007, Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Bremer–David, Clarissa, Woven Gold - Tapestries of Louis XIV, 2016, Getty Publications / Yale
- Souchal, Geneviève, Masterpieces of tapestry from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, 1974, Metropolitan Museum of Art