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地震數據採集

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Outlines of data acquisition (left) and typical seismogramm (right)

地震數據採集(英語:seismic data acquisition)是地震勘探三個不同階段中的第一階段,另外兩個階段是地震數據處理和地震解釋[1]。 在採集地震數據之前,需要規劃地震勘測設計[2],選取各種參數包括,例如震源類型、接收器類型、震源間距、接收器間距、陣列、通道數量、採樣率、記錄長度等。地震數據以地震道的形式記錄,也稱為震波曲線圖。它代表地震波由震源穿過地下,經由岩層的聲阻抗界面,反射回到接收器訊號[3]

陸上地震數據採集的震源類型有三種,炸藥型[4],可控震源型[5],重量下放型[6]。海上震源類型有兩種,空氣槍型和炸藥型 [7]。接收器在陸上用檢波器[8],海上用海洋檢波器(水聽器[9]

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ Yilmaz, Öz (2001). Seismic data analysis : processing, inversion, and interpretation of seismic data (2nd ed.). Society of Exploration Geophysicists. ISBN 978-1-56080-094-1
  2. ^ Stone, Dale (1994).Designing surveys in two and three dimensions. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. ISBN 978-1560800736
  3. ^ SCHLUMBERGER. "seismic trace - Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary". www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com.
  4. ^ Keary, Philip (2013). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration (3., Auflage ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118698938
  5. ^ KIT. "Basic Geophysics: Landseismics - Vibroseis". youtube.com. Retrieved 17 July 2020
  6. ^ USGS. "A Hammer-Impact, Aluminum, Shear-Wave Seismic Source" (PDF). pubs.usgs.gov. Retrieved 16 July 2020
  7. ^ GEO ExPro (1 January 2010). "Marine Seismic Sources Part I". GEO ExPro. Retrieved 16 July 2020
  8. ^ Krohn, Christine E. (June 1984). "Geophone ground coupling". Geophysics. 49 (6): 722–731. doi:10.1190/1.1441700
  9. ^ AZoSensors (20 June 2012). "What is a Hydrophone?". AZoSensors.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020