奧匈帝國占領下的塞爾維亞

奧匈帝國占領下的塞爾維亞是1915年底至第一次世界大戰結束期間奧匈帝國軍隊占領下的塞爾維亞王國。1914年7月28日，奧匈帝國對塞爾維亞宣戰，一戰正式開始。1914年8至12月間，奧匈帝國曾發動了3次攻勢（塞爾維亞戰役），無一成功，1915年10月，奧匈軍與德軍發動聯合攻勢，從北部和西部擊穿了塞爾維亞人的防線，保加利亞王國軍隊則從東邊進攻塞爾維亞。至1916年1月，同盟國軍隊已占領塞爾維亞全境。

接著，塞爾維亞被分為兩大塊占領區，一是奧匈占領區，二是保加利亞占領區，兩區均受軍事管理。德方拒絕直接吞併任何塞爾維亞國土，轉而控制住了兩大占領區內的鐵路、礦區、林業和農業資源。奧匈占領區包含了塞爾維亞北部四分之三的領土。1916年1月1日，奧匈帝國陸軍建立皇家和王家塞爾維亞軍事總督政府（英語：Military General Governorate of Serbia），作為占領區的行政部門，其首腦為軍事總督，副總督是非軍人身份的專員。奧匈帝國皇帝弗朗茨·約瑟夫一世任命出生在克羅埃西亞的軍官約翰·馮·薩利斯-齊維斯（英語：Johann von Salis-Seewis）為首任軍事總督。新組建的政府的目的是拆散塞爾維亞族人口，將塞爾維亞變為奧匈帝國的糧食產地，並控制其經濟資源。

奧匈方在占領區建立了軍事法律體制，禁止一切政治組織，禁止公眾集會，將學校納入控制範圍，奧匈陸軍還有權在占領區內展開戒嚴，抓捕人質，在懲罰性突襲中燒毀村莊，以公開執行絞刑以及即刻處決犯人等方式鎮壓起義行動。奧匈占領塞爾維亞期間曾將15萬至20萬名男性、女性以及兒童送進本國境內專門建立的拘留和集中營。

1918年9月，以塞爾維亞第2集團軍（英語：Second Army (Serbia)）和南斯拉夫志願師（英語：Yugoslav Division）先頭部隊的協約國軍隊打穿了薩洛尼卡戰線（馬其頓戰役），迫使保加利亞於9月30日投降，很快，塞爾維亞便被協約國攻佔，至10月底，所有殘餘奧匈帝國軍隊全部撤退。至1918年11月1日，塞爾維亞的所有戰前領土均被協約國軍隊佔領，奧匈帝國對塞爾維亞的占領告終。

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