推覆體

推覆體（英語：nappe）是指在低角度逆衝斷層上方經遠距離位移的基本連續的大的平板狀岩席組成的外來系統，一般從其原始位置向斷層上方移動2公里以上^[1]^[2]^[3]。

推覆體形成於擠壓構造環境中，如大陸碰撞帶或活動俯衝帶的上覆板塊。通常推覆體在低角度斷層面被推動覆，產生的相連構造包括平臥褶皺、沿斷層面的剪切構造^[4]以及疊瓦狀逆衝疊層、構造窗（英語：tectonic window）和飛來峰（英語：klippes）等。

推覆體通常被認為是擠壓構造運動造成，但也可由沿低角度斷層的重力滑坡造成^[5]。一般推覆體是在地表被推擠，在地表低壓和低溫下，岩石不具所需要的塑性能沿低角度斷層滑動。若岩層中有頁岩或蒸發岩。就可以充當構造潤滑劑^[6]。推覆體可沿潤滑劑移動。但通常降低斷層面摩擦阻力是由流體超壓，它能降低岩體的靜壓力，並能造成構造角礫岩或斷層泥，作為滑動面。^[7].

推覆體的形成方式可分為沖斷推覆體和褶皺推覆體：沖斷推覆體由外來的構造岩席沿（逆）沖斷層面大規模位移而形成；褶皺推覆體的外來構造岩席呈大規模的平臥褶皺^[8].。

參考文獻

^ Howell, J.V. (Editor) 1960: Glossary of geology and related sciences. American Geological Institute, Washington D.C., 325 p
^ Marko, F., Jacko, S., 1999: Structural geology (General and systematic). Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 80-88896-36-3 Vydavateľstvo Harlequin, Košice, p. 81 - 93 (in Slovak)
^ Dennis, J. G., 1967, International tectonic dictionary. AAPG, Tulsa, p. 112
^ Twiss, Robert J. and Eldridge M. >Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman, 1992, p. 36 ISBN 978-0716722526
^ Graham, R.H. (1979) "Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps" pp. 335–352 In McClay, K. R. and Price, N.J. (editors) (1981) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics (Geological Society of London Special Publication 9) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-632-00614-4
^ Davis, D.M., Engelder, T., 1985: The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119, p. 67-88
^ Price, N.J., McClay, K.R., 1981: Introduction. p. 1-5 in Price, N.J., McClay, K.R. (Eds.), Thrust and Nappe Tectonics.Geological Society, Special Publications vol. 9, London, 528 p
^ Park, R. G. (2004) [1997]. Foundations of Structural Geology(reprint of 1997 edition of Chapman & Hall) (third ed.). Abingdon, England: Taylor and Francis. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-7487-5802-9

[”Howell”-1] Howell, J.V. (Editor) 1960: Glossary of geology and related sciences. American Geological Institute, Washington D.C., 325 p

[”Marko”-2] Marko, F., Jacko, S., 1999: Structural geology (General and systematic). Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 80-88896-36-3 Vydavateľstvo Harlequin, Košice, p. 81 - 93 (in Slovak)

[”Dennis”-3] Dennis, J. G., 1967, International tectonic dictionary. AAPG, Tulsa, p. 112

[”Twiss”-4] Twiss, Robert J. and Eldridge M. >Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman, 1992, p. 36 ISBN 978-0716722526

[”Graham”-5] Graham, R.H. (1979) "Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps" pp. 335–352 In McClay, K. R. and Price, N.J. (editors) (1981) Thrust and Nappe Tectonics (Geological Society of London Special Publication 9) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-632-00614-4

[”Davis”-6] Davis, D.M., Engelder, T., 1985: The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119, p. 67-88

[”Price”-7] Price, N.J., McClay, K.R., 1981: Introduction. p. 1-5 in Price, N.J., McClay, K.R. (Eds.), Thrust and Nappe Tectonics.Geological Society, Special Publications vol. 9, London, 528 p

[”Park”-8] Park, R. G. (2004) [1997]. Foundations of Structural Geology(reprint of 1997 edition of Chapman & Hall) (third ed.). Abingdon, England: Taylor and Francis. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-7487-5802-9

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