理察·哈特向
外觀
理察·哈特向 | |
---|---|
出生 | 1899年12月12日 基塔寧 |
逝世 | 1992年11月5日 (92歲) |
母校 | |
職業 | 地理學家、大學教師 |
雇主 |
理察·哈茨霍恩(英語:Richard Hartshorne[1],1899年12月12日—1992年11月5日),美國著名地理學家。
生平
[編輯]生於賓夕法尼亞州基坦寧,1920年本科畢業於普林斯頓大學,1924年在芝加哥大學獲得博士學位,1924年到1940年間執教於明尼蘇達大學,1945年到1970年間執教於威斯康星大學。二戰期間(1941年—1945年)在戰略情報局(OSS)研究和分析處創立了地理部。[2]
他是20世紀50年代著名的地理學科性質之爭的主角之一。其爭論由弗萊德·K·謝菲爾引入的「科學方法」和空間規律研究引起,謝菲爾將哈特向的「傳統方法」批判為「哈特向式正統派」。
因癌症逝世於其麥迪遜的家中。[3][4]他的兄弟之一,查爾斯·哈茨霍恩是美國著名哲學家。
獎勵和榮譽
[編輯]專著
[編輯]- The Nature of Geography: A Critical Survey of Current Thought in the Light of the Past, 1939. 該書的副標題反應了他認為作為科學家和學者的地理學家應該熟悉自己研究領域已有的成果,並將其考慮到自己的研究內。該書本身成為了地理學的標準,並在其後數十年中仍在印刷;該書第七版出版於2000年。編輯評論和第一、二、十一和十二章的電子版 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)。
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质:当前地理学思想述评. 漢譯世界學術名著叢書. 北京: 商務印書館. 1996. ISBN 978-7-100-01326-0.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质:当前地理学思想述评. 北京: 商務印書館. 2009. ISBN 978-7-100-06428-6.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质:当前地理学思想述评. 北京: 商務印書館. 2011. ISBN 978-7-100-08261-7.
- Perspective on the Nature of Geography, 1959.
- R·哈特向. 地理学的性质的透视. 漢譯世界學術名著叢書. 北京: 商務印書館. 1963. ISBN 978-7-100-02022-0.
- The Academic Citizen: Selected Statements by Richard Hartshorne 附有Mark Hoyt Ingraham的引介和注釋,[5] U of Wisconsin 1970. Various statements on academic issues, authored (in some cases, co-authored) by Hartshorne, from the late 1940s through the 1960s (his pre-emeritus years at the University of Wisconsin).
論文
[編輯]- "Location as a Factor in Geography", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Jun., 1927), pp. 92–99
- "Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Dec., 1933), pp. 195–228.
- (and Samuel N. Dicken) "A Classification of the Agricultural Regions of Europe and North America on a Uniform Statistical Basis", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1935), pp. 99–120.
- "Recent Developments in Political Geography, I", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 5 (Oct., 1935), pp. 785–804.
- "Recent Developments in Political Geography, II", The American Political Science Review, Vol. 29, No. 6 (Dec., 1935), pp. 943–966.
- "Six Standard Seasons of the Year", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep., 1938), pp. 165–178.
- "The Concepts of 'Raison d'Être' and 'Maturity' of States; Illustrated from the Mid-Danube Area", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 30, pp. 59–60; 1940.
- "The Politico-Geographic Pattern of the World", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 218, Public Policy in a World at War (Nov., 1941), pp. 45–57.
- "The Concept of Geography as a Science of Space, from Kant and Humboldt to Hettner", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Jun., 1958), pp. 97–108.
- "Political Geography in the Modern World", The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 4, No. 1, The Geography of Conflict (Mar., 1960), pp. 52–66.
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Hartshorne發音應為harts-horn,即哈茨霍恩。
- ^ McMaster, Robert and McMaster, Susanna, "A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography" in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v.29, n. 3, July, 2002, American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Gaithersburg, MD. U of Wisconsin PDF Eprint 網際網路檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2006-10-20.
- ^ New York Times Obituary, "Richard Hartshorne; Geographer Was 92", November 10, 1992, Eprint
- ^ Martin, Geoffrey J., "In Memoriam: Richard Hartshorne, 1899-1992", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 480-492, JSTOR
- ^ 「Mark H. Ingraham,數學名譽教授,長時間擔任文理學院院長,AAUP前主席……」——前言第VI頁。