美國國防分析研究所

美國國防分析研究所 （英語：Institute for Defense Analyses^[1]）以英文簡稱IDA著稱於世，^[2]是一家美國非營利性機構，於1956年成立，^[3]總部位於維吉尼亞州亞歷山大市，負責管理系統與分析中心、科學與技術政策研究所以及通信與計算中心等三個聯邦政府資助的研發中心，其宗旨是協助美國政府解決國家安全問題特別是那些需要科學和技術專家才能解決的的問題。

發展歷史[編輯]

美國國防分析研究所勃興於第二次世界大戰，有兩個重要理念催生了國防分析研究所，其一，必須將幾項服務統一為一個協調的部門，其二，關於科學與科學家以及國家安全之間關係的力量的認知。當哈里·杜魯門總統簽署了1947年和1949年的《國家安全法》並且成立了國防部時，第一個理念落地。1947年，陸軍部和海軍部合併成立了國家軍事機構，今日之國防部是在1949年成立的。^[4]

為給予剛剛成立的美國國防部長辦公室技術專家與資源以使其為己所用，國防部第一秘書詹姆斯·福雷斯塔爾於1948年組建武器系統評估小組，^[5]以協助國防部長辦公室和參謀長聯席會議成員組織：

參考文獻[編輯]

^ 張群; 楊新泉. 运营管理. 清華大學出版社有限公司. 2006: 45–. ISBN 978-7-81082-653-2.
^ The Institute is generally known by its acronym, "IDA." Per Vance, Burt. "IDA （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）." A Dictionary of Abbreviations. : Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference. 2011. Date Accessed 21 Apr. 2014. And also Ann Finkbeiner, The Jasons: The Secret History of Science's Postwar Elite. New York: Penguin Books, 2007, p. 36.
^ The birth of IDA was due to the failure of WSEG to attract top talent or compete with the RAND Corporation, which had been established at the same time as RAND. IDA was designed to be able to pay its employees higher salaries and operate with greater independence than those on the federal payroll. See Paul E. Ceruzzi, Internet Alley: High Technology in Tyson's Corner, 1945–2005. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008, pp. 44–48. According to a report for Congress which summarizes the founding of IDA, "There was considerable concern in the early and mid-1950s that [WSEG] was not performing effectively, so the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) was created to act as a technical backstop to WSEG and to facilitate the recruitment of high-caliber scientific manpower." See U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. A History of the Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Centers 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2014-04-29., OTA-BP-ISS-157. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1995, p. 26.
^ U.S. Department of Defense. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2019-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）.
^ A history of the WSEG—whose life extended until September 1976—has been published in the IDA paper, "Analytical Support for the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The WSEG Experience, 1958–1976 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）." Alexandria, Va.: The Institute, 1979.

[张群杨新泉2006-1] 張群; 楊新泉. 运营管理. 清華大學出版社有限公司. 2006: 45–. ISBN 978-7-81082-653-2.

[2] The Institute is generally known by its acronym, "IDA." Per Vance, Burt. "IDA （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）." A Dictionary of Abbreviations. : Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference. 2011. Date Accessed 21 Apr. 2014. And also Ann Finkbeiner, The Jasons: The Secret History of Science's Postwar Elite. New York: Penguin Books, 2007, p. 36.

[3] The birth of IDA was due to the failure of WSEG to attract top talent or compete with the RAND Corporation, which had been established at the same time as RAND. IDA was designed to be able to pay its employees higher salaries and operate with greater independence than those on the federal payroll. See Paul E. Ceruzzi, Internet Alley: High Technology in Tyson's Corner, 1945–2005. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008, pp. 44–48. According to a report for Congress which summarizes the founding of IDA, "There was considerable concern in the early and mid-1950s that [WSEG] was not performing effectively, so the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) was created to act as a technical backstop to WSEG and to facilitate the recruitment of high-caliber scientific manpower." See U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. A History of the Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Centers 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2014-04-29., OTA-BP-ISS-157. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1995, p. 26.

[4] U.S. Department of Defense. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2019-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）.

[5] A history of the WSEG—whose life extended until September 1976—has been published in the IDA paper, "Analytical Support for the Joint Chiefs of Staff: The WSEG Experience, 1958–1976 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）." Alexandria, Va.: The Institute, 1979.

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