使用者:A22234798/沙盒4
芬蘭入侵拉多加卡累利阿是1941年發動的軍事行動，被普遍認為是繼續戰爭的一部分。芬軍在戰爭初期就解放了拉多加卡累利阿，當地曾根據作為結束冬季戰爭的《莫斯科和平協定》，於1940年3月13日割讓給蘇聯。後來蘇聯於1944年夏季的維堡-彼得羅扎沃茨克攻勢解放了東拉多加卡累利阿。
初始部隊布局
[編輯]芬軍在繼續戰爭開打之時擺出的是防守陣勢，但曼納海姆於6月29日創建了卡累利阿軍團，交由埃里克·海因里克斯少將指揮，並下令準備進攻拉多加卡累利阿。卡累利阿軍團包含第六軍（下轄第5及第11師）、第七軍（下轄第7及第19師）及奧因農南戰鬥群（Group Oinonen，也被稱為０戰鬥群，下轄騎兵旅、第１及第２獵兵旅）。芬蘭第1師則作為預備隊。[1]芬軍計畫先推進至拉多加湖岸，再沿著岸邊深入以分割蘇聯守軍。[2]
蘇軍方面駐防的是第7軍團、索爾塔瓦拉附近的第168步兵師及亞尼斯湖北面的第71步兵師。蘇軍沿著索爾塔瓦拉邊境、瓦爾奇拉及柯爾皮瑟卡（Korpiselkä）等重要路口均修築了野戰防禦工事。[3]
發起攻勢
[編輯]
7月9日，芬軍收到發起攻勢的指令，其中帕沃·塔爾韋拉指揮之第6軍的主要任務，係在突破蘇軍在瓦爾奇拉及柯爾皮瑟卡（Korpiselkä）的防線。[4]芬軍的攻勢很快就壓倒蘇方守軍。The Finnish 1st Jaeger Brigade (Col. Ruben Lagus) was brought from Group O to spearhead the assault and it managed to create a gap in the Soviet defences through which Finnish light infantry, some mounted on bicycles, pushed forward.[5]
The right flank of the Finnish offensive consisting of the Finnish 11th Division of the VI Corps met strong Soviet resistance on the eastern shore of the Jänisjärvi Lake, and clearing the resistance lasted until July 16. After clearing the resistance the 11th Division advanced and rounded the southern end of the Jänisjärvi Lake and set up positions facing west along the Jänisjoki River.[5] Simultaneously, the Finnish VII Corps had been attacking southwards on the west side of Jänisjärvi Lake; however, strong Soviet defensive effort turned the offensive into a crawl. It took until July 15 for the Finnish forces to reach the main Soviet defenses. It took until July 17 for the Finnish VII Corps to finally reach the Jänisjoki River, and clearing the surrounded Soviet forces lasted until July 21.[6] Since the Finnish advance had extended the frontlines, some of the Finnish forces were starting to redeploy on July 16, with the Finnish 1st Division being ordered to cover the eastern flank of the advance, while the Finnish 17th Division, which had left guarding of the Soviet base at Hanko to local troops, was brought to the area as well. The two-regiment-strong German 163rd Infantry Division was ordered to capture the town and railroad junction of Suvilahti. These acts had effectively increased the Finnish strength in the area by three divisions.[5]
The Finnish advance on the left flank of the VI Corps by the two-brigade-strong Group Oinonen stalled almost as soon as it had started. Its advance tied down some Soviet troops, but Talvela who commanded the Finnish VI Corps assessed that Group Oinonen's mission had been a resounding failure. However, he also criticized his superior's orders to use these lighter troops against known strong Soviet positions.[7]
The main Finnish advance continued southwards towards the town of Loimola (ru), through which ran the railroad between Sortavala and Petrozavodsk. Loimola was captured by the Finnish forces by July 15. General Talvela pressed his forces further and the 1st Jaegar Brigade finished its 110 km long contested advance when it reached the shore of Lake Ladoga at Koirinoja (ru) the next day. This also severed the connections between the Soviet forces in the area.[8] While Talvela continued his advance both further east along the shore of the Lake Ladoga as well as further inland the Soviets had reorganized some of their forces and were rushing reinforcements to the east shore of Lake Ladoga. The Soviet 452nd Motorized Infantry Regiment set up defensive positions around the town of Salmi; however advancing Finnish forces encircled the defenders and captured Salmi by 21 July. After the VI Corps reached the 1939 border on July 23 Mannerheim ordered a halt the next day to advances further east and set the forces to preparing defensive positions along the Tuulema River.[8] Crossing of the 1939 border did not sit well with all of the Finns and over 2,000 men initially refused to cross the old border.[9]
Continued fighting in Ladoga Karelia
[編輯]The Finnish 7th Division of the VII Corps launched its attack towards the town of Sortavala from the east and managed to capture the village of Ruskeala on July 25 allowing the Finns to present a unified front against the Soviets defending Sortavala. The Soviets had in turn reinforced their defending 168th Rifle Division in the area with the Soviet 198th Motorized Division and prepared to launch a counterattack towards Jänisjoki River however the Finns managed to capture the plans of the Soviet counterattack. With access to the Soviet plans and having fresh troops readied against the Soviet advance, the counterattack failed and by August 1 the Soviet 198th Motorized Division was already in full retreat. The Finnish decision to order the Finnish II Army Corps to advance trapped the Soviet forces.[10]
By August 7 the Finnish 2nd Division of the II Corps had already reached the shore of Lake Ladoga at Lahdenpohja and cut off the Soviet divisions north-west of Lake Ladoga from their intended withdrawal routes. Near Sortavala the attacking Finnish forces of the 2nd, 7th and 19th divisions were reorganized into the I Army Corps and the town fell to the Finnish forces on August 15. The defending Soviet forces of the 168th Rifle Division withdrew along the coast but were encircled. The Soviets managed to evacuate most of their manpower on barges over Lake Ladoga. The Finns captured large amounts of war material that the Soviets had not been able to evacuate.[11]
參見
[編輯]參考
[編輯]註解
[編輯]- ^ Lunde (2011) p. 158
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 68
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 70
- ^ Lunde (2011) p. 159
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lunde (2011) p. 160
- ^ Nenye (2016) pp. 81-82
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 81
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Lunde (2011) p. 161
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 84
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 87-88
- ^ Nenye (2016) p. 88-89
參考書目
[編輯]- Lunde, Henrik O. Finland's War of Choice: The Troubled German-Finnish Alliance in World War II. Newbury: Casemate Publishers. 2011. ISBN 978-1-61200-037-4.
- Nenye, Vesa; Munter, Peter; Wirtanen, Tony; Birks, Chris. Finland at War: The Continuation and Lapland Wars 1941–45. Osprey Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-1-4728-1526-2.