長裙竹蓀：修订间差异
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* 紅燒竹笙[[魚翅]] |
* 紅燒竹笙[[魚翅]] |
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==参考文献== |
==註釋及参考文献== |
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===註釋=== |
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===参考文献=== |
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<ref name="Anonymous 1800">{{cite journal |title=XXVII. A dissertation on the genus ''Phallus'', by M. Ventenat |journal=The Critical Review, or, Annals of Literature |author=Anonymous |year=1800 |volume=13 |location=London, UK |pages=501–2 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c8YPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA502}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Arora 1986">{{cite book |author=Arora D. |title=Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi |publisher=Ten Speed Press |location=Berkeley, California |year=1986 |page=770 |isbn=0-89815-169-4 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=S-RmabYsjI4C&pg=PA770}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Burk 1978">{{cite journal |title=''Dictyophora multicolor'', new to Guam |journal=Mycologia |year=1978 |author=Burk WR, Smith DR. |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=1258–9 |jstor=3759327 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0070/006/1258.htm}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Chang 2000">{{cite journal |title=福山森林之大型擔子菌資源及監測種之族群變動 |trans_title=Inventory of macrobasidiomycota and population dynamics of some monitored species at Fushan forest |journal=Fungal Science |year=2000 |author=Chang TT, Chou WN, Wu SH. |volume=15 |issue=1/2 |pages=15–26 |language=Chinese |issn=1013-2732}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Chang 2009">{{cite journal |author=Chang TS. |title=An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=2440–75 |year=2009 |pmid=19582213 |pmc=2705500 |doi=10.3390/ijms10062440}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Demoulin 1975">{{cite journal |title=Gasteromycetes of Kivu (Zaire), Rwanda and Burundi |journal=Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België |author=Demoulin V, Dring DM. |volume=45 |issue=3/4 |pages=339–72 |jstor=3667488 |year=1975}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Dennis 1953">{{cite journal |title=Some West Indian Gasteromycetes |journal=Kew Bulletin |author=Dennis RWG. |year=1953 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=307–28 |jstor=4115517}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Dennis 1960">{{cite journal |title=Fungi venezuelani: III |journal=Kew Bulletin |year=1960 |volume=14 |issue=3 |author=Dennis RWG. |pages=418–58 |jstor=4114758}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Desvaux 1809">{{cite journal |title=Observations sur quelques genres à établir dans la famille des champignons |trans_title=Observations on several genera to establish families of mushrooms |journal=Journal de Botanique (Desvaux) |volume=2 |author=Desvaux NA. |year=1809 |pages=88–105 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8071459 |language=French}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Dissing 1962">{{cite journal |author=Dissing H, Lange M. |title=Gasteromycetes of Congo |journal=Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État a Bruxelles |volume=32 |issue=4 |year=1962 |pages=325–416 |jstor=3667249}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Dunlop 2003">{{cite book |author=Dunlop F. |title=Sichuan Cookery |year=2003 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London, UK |page=lxii |isbn=978-0-14-029541-2}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Guzman 1973">{{cite journal |title=Some distributional relationships between Mexican and United States mycofloras |journal=Mycologia |year=1973 |volume=65 |issue=6 |author=Guzmán G. |pages=1319–30 |jstor=3758146 |pmid=4773309 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0065/006/1319.htm |doi=10.2307/3758146}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Halpern 2007">{{cite book |author=Halpern GM. |title=Healing Mushrooms |publisher=Square One Publishers |location=Garden City Park, New York |year=2007 |pages=115–6 |isbn=0-7570-0196-3 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FlrpouUh740C&pg=PA115}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hara 1982">{{cite journal |title=Anti-inflammatory activity and conformational behavior of a branched (1→3)-β-D-glucan from an alkaline extract of ''Dictyophora indusiata'' Fisch |journal=Carbohydrate Research |year=1982 |author=Hara C, Kiho T, Tanaka T, Ukai S. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=77–87 |pmid=7172167 |doi=10.1016/0008-6215(82)85027-1}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Holliday 2001">{{cite journal |title=Spontaneous female orgasms triggered by smell of a newly found tropical ''Dictyphora'' species |journal=International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms |year=2001 |volume=3 |issue=2–3 |author=Holliday JC, Soule N. |pages=162–7 |issn=1521-9437 |doi=10.1615/intjmedmushr.v3.i2-3.790}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Huang 2011">{{cite journal |author=Huang M, Chen X, Tian H, Sun B, Chen H. |title=Isolation and identification of antibiotic albaflavenone from ''Dictyophora indusiata'' (Vent:Pers.) Fischer |journal=Journal of Chemical Research |year=2011 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=659–60 |doi=10.3184/174751911X13202334527264}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Hu 2004">{{cite report |title=Mushroom industries in China "small mushroom & big business" |author=Hu D. |year=2004 |publisher=[[Wageningen University and Research Centre]], Agricultural Economics Research Institute, LEI BV |location=Wageningen, Netherlands |url=http://www.lei.dlo.nl/leichina/files/d50cde8fcbc78dc42a68700b96b10ee0.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Inoki 2006">{{cite web |author=Inoki L. |title=Kinugasatake (Veiled lady mushroom) |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fe20060607li.html |publisher=[[The Japan Times]] |date=June 7, 2006 |accessdate=2012-09-13}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Jonathan 2008">{{cite journal |title=Studies on collection and proximate compositions of ''Phallus indusiatus'' (Vent. ex. Pers), a Nigerian higher fungus |journal=World Journal of Agricultural Sciences |year=2008 |author=Jonathan SG, Odebode AC, Bawo DDS. |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=18–22 |url=http://www.idosi.org/wjas/wjas4(1)/4.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kasuya 2008">{{cite journal |author=Kayua T. |title=''Phallus luteus'' comb. nov., a new taxonomic treatment of a tropical phalloid fungus |journal=Mycotaxon |year=2008 |volume=106 |pages=7–13 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0106/0007.htm}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kawagishi 1997">{{cite journal |title=Dictyophorines A and B, two stimulators of NGF-synthesis from the mushroom ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |journal=Phytochemistry |author=Kawagishi H, Ishiyama D, Mori H, Sakamoto H, Ishiguro Y, Furukawa S, Li J. |year=1997 |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=1203–5 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00144-1 |pmid=9272967}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ker 2011">{{cite journal |author=Ker Y-B, Chen K-C, Peng C-C, Hsieh C-L, Peng RY. |title=Structural characteristics and antioxidative capability of the soluble polysaccharides present in ''Dictyophora indusiata'' (Vent. Ex Pers.) Fish Phallaceae |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |year=2011 |volume=2011 |pages=396013 |doi=10.1093/ecam/neq041 |pmc=3136395 |pmid=21799678 |url=http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/396013.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kibby 1994">{{cite book |author=Kibby G. |title=An Illustrated Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America |publisher=Lubrecht & Cramer |location=London, UK |year=1994 |page=155 |isbn=0-681-45384-2}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kibby 2012">{{cite journal |author=Kibby G, McNeill D. |title=''Phallus duplicatus'' new to Britain |journal=Field Mycology |year=2012 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=86–9 |doi=10.1016/j.fldmyc.2012.06.009}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Kirk 2008">{{cite book |author=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=206 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Lee 1957">{{cite journal |title=Two new phalloids from Taiwan |journal=Mycologia |year=1957 |author=Lee WS.| volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=156–8 |jstor=3755742 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0049/001/0156.htm}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Lee 2002">{{cite journal |title=Dictyoquinazols A, B, and C, new neuroprotective compounds from the mushroom ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |journal=Journal of Natural Products |year=2002 |author=Lee I-K, Yun B-S, Han G, Cho D-H, Kim Y-H, Yoo I-D. |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=1769–72 |doi=10.1021/np020163w |pmid=12502311}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Liddell 1940">{{cite book |author=[[Henry George Liddell|Liddell HG]], [[Robert Scott (philologist)|Scott R]]. |year=1940 |title=[[A Greek-English Lexicon]] |edition=9th unabridged |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=0-19-910207-4}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Liou 1936">{{cite journal |author=Liou TN, Hwang FY. |title=Notes sur les ''Phallidés'' de Chine |trans_title=Notes on the phalloids of China |language=French |journal=Chinese Journal of Botany |year=1936 |volume=1 |pages=83–95}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Liu 2005">{{cite journal |title=N-containing compounds of macromycetes |author=Liu J-K. |year=2005 |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=107 |issue=7 |pages=2723–44 |url=http://www.kib.ac.cn/jgsz/kyxt/zwhx/zhzlxz/200909/P020090917651746189987.pdf |format=PDF |pmid=16011322 |doi=10.1021/cr0400818}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Lloyd 1902">{{cite journal |author=Lloyd CG. |title=Synopsis of the known phalloids |year=1909 |journal=Bulletin of the Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica |issue=13 |pages=1–96 |url=http://archive.org/stream/bulletinlloydli00musegoog#page/n106/mode/2up}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Maitland 1917">{{cite journal |title=Notes on Uganda fungi. I.: The fungus-flora of the forests |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) |year=1917 |volume=1917 |issue=1 |author=Maitland TD, Wakefield EM. |pages=1–19 |jstor=4113409}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Mau 2002">{{cite journal |title=Antioxidant properties of several specialty mushrooms |author=Mau J-L, Lin H-C, Song S-F. |journal=Food Research International |year=2002 |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=519–26 |doi=10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00150-8}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nees 1817">{{cite book |title=System der Pilze und Schwämme |trans_title=System of Mushrooms and Fungi |year=1817 |author=Nees von Esenbeck CDG. |publisher=In der Stahelschen buchhandlung |location=Würzburg, Germany |page=251 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bEAAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA251 |language=German}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Newman 1999">{{cite journal |author=Newman JM. |title=Bamboo mushrooms |journal=Flavor & Fortune |year=1999 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=25, 30 |url=http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=213}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oh 2007">{{cite journal |title=Total synthesis of neuroprotective dictyoquinazol A, B, and C |author=Oh CH, Song CH. |journal=Synthetic Communications |year=2007 |volume=37 |issue=19 |pages=3311–17 |doi=10.1080/00397910701489537}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oldridge 1986">{{cite journal |title=A collection of fungi from Pahang and Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia) |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=41 |issue=4 |year=1986 |author=Oldridge SG, Pegler DN, Reid DA, Spooner BM. |pages=855–72 |jstor=4102987}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oliveria 2000">{{cite journal |author=Oliveira ML, Morato EF. |title=Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) feeding on stinkhorn spores (Fungi, Phallales): robbery or dispersal? |journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia |year=2000 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=881–4 |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v17n3/v17n3a25.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1590/S0101-81752000000300025}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oso 1975">{{cite journal |author=Oso BA. |title=Mushrooms and the Yoruba people of Nigeria |journal=Mycologia |year=1975 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=311–9 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0067/002/0311.htm |jstor=3758423 |pmid=1167931 |doi=10.2307/3758423}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oso 1976">{{cite journal |author=Oso BA. |year=1976 |title=''Phallus aurantiacus'' from Nigeria |journal=Mycologia |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=1076–82 |jstor=3758723 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59350/0068/005/1076.htm |pmid=995138 |doi=10.2307/3758723}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Oyetayo 2009">{{cite journal |title=Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of aqueous extract from ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |author=Oyetayo VO, Dong CH, Yao YJ. |journal=The Open Mycology Journal |year=2009 |volume=3 |pages=20–6 |url=http://www.bentham.org/open/tomycj/articles/V003/20TOMYCJ.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.2174/1874437000903010020}}<!--The doi given on the article page (http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tomycj/articles/V003/20TOMYCJ.htm) is not functional--></ref> |
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<ref name="Persoon 1801">{{cite book |title=Synopsis Methodica Fungorum |trans_title=Synopsis of a Methodology of Mushrooms |author=Persoon CH. |page=244 |publisher=Apud H. Dieterich |location=Göttingen, Germany |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vugVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA244 |language=Latin |year=1801}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Reid 1977">{{cite journal |title=Some Gasteromycetes from Trinidad and Tobago |journal=Kew Bulletin |year=1977 |author=Reid DA. |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=657–90 |jstor=4119418}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Roberts 2011">{{cite book |author=Roberts P, Evans S. |title=The Book of Fungi |year=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=545 |isbn=978-0-226-72117-0}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Saenz 1982">{{cite journal |author=Sáenz JA, Nassar M. |title=Hongos de Costa Rica: Familias Phallaceae y Clathraceae |trans_title=Mushrooms of Costa Rica: families Phallaceae and Clathraceae |journal=Revista de Biologia Tropical |year=1982 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=41–52 |language=Spanish |issn=0034-7744 |url=http://cro.ots.ac.cr/rdmcnfs/datasets/biblioteca/pdfs/nbina-12878.pdf |accessdate=2012-08-28}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Sharma 2004">{{cite journal |title=''In vitro'' anti-tyrosinase activity of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural isolated from ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |journal=Phytotherapy Research |author=Sharma VK, Choi J, Sharma N, Choi M, Seo S-Y. |year=2004 |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=841–4 |pmid=15551389 |doi=10.1002/ptr.1428}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Simpson 1979">{{cite book |author=Simpson DP. |title=Cassell's Latin Dictionary |publisher=Cassell |year=1979 |edition=5 |location=London, UK |isbn=0-304-52257-0 |page=883}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Smith 2005">{{cite book |author=Smith KN. |title=A Field Guide to the Fungi of Australia |publisher=UNSW Press |location=Sydney, Australia |year=2005 |page=200 |isbn=0-86840-742-9 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ysgx509xB-AC&pg=PA200}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Spooner 1994">{{cite journal |author=Spooner B, Læssøe T. |title=The folklore of 'Gasteromycetes' |journal=Mycologist |year=1994 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=119–23 |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80157-2}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Trierveiler 2009">{{cite journal |title=Notes on gasteroid fungi of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=110 |author=Trierveiler-Pereira L, Gomes-Silva AC, Baseia IG. |year=2009 |pages=73–80 |doi=10.5248/110.73}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Tuno 1998">{{cite journal |author=Tuno N. |year=1998 |title=Spore dispersal of ''Dictyophora'' fungi (Phallaceae) by flies |journal=Ecological Research |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7–15 |doi=10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00241.x}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ukai 1980">{{cite journal |title=Polysaccharides in fungi. V. Isolation and characterization of a mannan from aqueous ethanol extract of ''Dictyophora indusiata'' Fisch |journal=Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin |author=Ukai S, Hara C, Kiho T, Hirose K. |year=1980 |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=2647–52 |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/lognavi?name=nels&lang=en&type=pdf&id=ART0004130421 |format=PDF |doi=10.1248/cpb.28.2647}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ukai 1982">{{cite journal |title=Polysaccharides in fungi. IX. a β-D-glucan from alkaline extract of ''Dictyophora indusiata'' Fisch |journal=Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin |year=1982 |volume=30 |issue=6 |author=Ukai S, Hara C, Kiho T. |pages=2147–54 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/30/6/30_6_2147/_pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1248/cpb.30.2147}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ukai 1983">{{cite journal |title=Polysaccharides in fungi. XIII. Anti-tumor activity of various polysaccharides isolated from ''Dictyophora indusiata'', ''Ganoderma japonicum'', ''Cordyceps cicadae'', ''Auricularia auricula-judae'' and ''Auricularia'' species |journal=Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) |year=1983 |author=Ukai S, Kiho T, Hara C, Morita M, Goto A, Imaizumi N, Hasegawa Y. |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=741–4 |pmid=6883594 |url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/lognavi?name=nels&lang=en&type=pdf&id=ART0004203268 |format=PDF |doi=10.1248/cpb.31.741}}</ref> |
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<ref name="urlMushroom Expert: Phallus cinnabarinus">{{cite web |title=''Phallus cinnabarinus'' |url=http://www.mushroomexpert.com/phallus_cinnabarinus.html |author=Kuo M. |publisher=MushroomExpert.com |date=April 2011 |accessdate=2012-09-13}}</ref> |
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<ref name="urlMycoBank: Dictyophora indusiata f. rosea">{{cite web |title=''Dictyophora indusiata'' f. ''rosea'' (Ces.) Kobayasi 1965 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=229438&Fields=All |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> |
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<ref name="urlMycoBank: Hymenophallus indusiatus">{{cite web |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=330985&Fields=All |title=''Hymenophallus indusiatus'' (Vent.) Nees 1817 |publisher=[[MycoBank]]. International Mycological Association |accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref> |
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<ref name="urlMushroom Expert: Phallus duplicatus">{{cite web |title=''Phallus duplicatus'' |url=http://www.mushroomexpert.com/phallus_duplicatus.html |publisher=MushroomExpert.com |author=Kuo M. |date=April 2011 |accessdate=2012-08-24}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ventenat 1798">{{cite journal |author=Ventenat ÉP. |year=1798 |title=Dissertation sur le genre ''Phallus'' |trans_title=Essay on the genus ''Phallus'' |journal=Mémoires de l'institut National des Sciences et Arts |volume=1 |pages=503–23 |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32166/f590.image |language=French}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Wakefield 1934">{{cite journal |title=Contributions to the flora of tropical America: XXI. Fungi collected in British Guiana, chiefly by the Oxford University Expedition, 1929 |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) |volume=1934 |issue=6 |year=1934 |author=Wakefield E. |pages=238–58 |jstor=4115405}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Wang 2003">{{cite journal |title=A novel ribonuclease from the veiled lady mushroom ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |journal=Biochemistry and Cell Biology |year=2003 |volume=81 |issue=6 |author=Wang H, Ng TB. |pages=373–7 |doi=10.1139/O03-067 |pmid=14663503}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Yang 1987">{{cite book |author=Yang QY, Jong SC. |year=1987 |chapter=Artificial cultivation of the veiled lady mushroom, ''Dictyophora indusiata'' |editor=Wuest PJ, Royse DJ, Beelman RB. (eds.) |title=Cultivating Edible Fungi: International Symposium on Scientific and Technical Aspects of Cultivating Edible Fungi (IMS 86), July 15–17, 1986 |publisher=Elsevier Science Publishers |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |series=Developments in Crop Science, '''10''' |pages=437–42 |isbn=0-444-42747-3}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ying 1987">{{cite book |author=Ying J, Mao X, Ma Q, Zong Y, Wen H. |title=Icones of Medicinal Fungi from China |year=1987 |publisher=Science Press |location=Beijing, China |page=471}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Zeng 1988">{{cite journal |title=A thermophilic delicious 'veiled lady' – ''Dictyophora echino-volvata'' Zang, Zheng & Hu [Abstract] |journal=Zhongguo Shiyongjun (Edible Fungi of China) |year=1988 |volume=4 |pages=5–6 |author=Zeng DR, Hu ZX, Zhou CL. |language=Chinese}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Zhou 1989">{{cite journal |title=Initial research on the rapid cultivation of ''Dictyophora indusiata'' [Abstract] | journal=Zhongguo Shiyongjun (Edible Fungi of China) |year=1989 |volume=1 |author=Zhou FL, Qiao CS. |pages=17–8 |language=Chinese}}</ref> |
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}} |
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===引用文獻=== |
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*{{cite book |author=Chang S-T, Miles PG. |chapter=''Dictyophora'', formerly for the few |title=Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact |edition=2nd |year=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton, Florida |isbn=0-8493-1043-1 |doi=10.1201/9780203492086.ch18 |pages=343–56}} |
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*{{cite book |author=Hall IR. |title=Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon |year=2003 |isbn=0-88192-586-1}} |
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*{{cite report |title=Chinese food culture and mushroom |author=Hu D. |year=2005 |publisher=[[Wageningen University and Research Centre]], Agricultural Economics Research Institute, LEI BV |location=Wageningen, Netherlands |url=http://www.lei.dlo.nl/leichina/files/78ca5deca29c48c75da777243aa01393.pdf |format=PDF}} |
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{{真菌類小作品}} |
{{真菌類小作品}} |
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2014年11月22日 (六) 05:29的版本
| 竹荪 Phallus indusiatus | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 科學分類 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| 二名法 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Phallus indusiatus Vent. (1798) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 異名[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Phallus indusiatus | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | 平滑的子實層 |
 | 無明顯蕈傘 |
 | 子實層連接方式無規律或無適當分類 |
 | 蕈柄有外披 |
 | 孢印橄欖色 |
 | 異養腐生真菌 |
 | 可食用 |
長裙竹蓀（學名：Phallus indusiatus），俗稱竹荪，又名竹笙、竹参(ㄕㄣ)、面紗菌、網紗菌、竹姑娘等，是单生或群生于竹枝内的各种竹、麻属大型真菌的总称，菌裙和菌柄在中国為高級的素食材料。竹蓀原來有自己的一個屬竹蓀屬（Dictyophora），但現時皆當作長裙竹蓀的異名，屬於鬼筆科的鬼筆屬。竹蓀生長於熱帶地區的大都會，從亞洲南部（含南亞及東南亞）、非洲、南北美洲及澳大利亞均有生長，見於樹林或園庭被土壤比較肥沃的腐爛木質之上。這種菌類於1798年為法國植物學家Étienne Pierre Ventenat最早描述。在中國，自然繁殖的竹荪主要产在四川、云南、贵州等地[2]。
早在7世紀時的中國及尼日利亞的古老傳說，就已有食用竹蓀的記載。竹蓀的食用部分在於其圓錐狀到吊鐘狀的菌體及菌柱。成熟的菌體，長約25 cm（10英寸），寬約1.5—4 cm（0.6—1.6英寸）。其菌蓋被啡綠色的黏液覆蓋，散發出一股臭味，用以吸引蒼蠅及其他昆蟲去吃掉它的孢子，以便於散播。由於這些黏液很難清洗，一般不會食用菌蓋的部分。優質的食用竹荪，其色澤淺黃、味香、肉厚、柔軟、菌朵完整。 竹荪可以和瘦豬肉一起煮，成為肉湯，味道鮮美；亦可與豬肉片或雞柳一起炒。由於已成功培植，現時一些大型的亞洲食品超市均可買得到。而其豐富的蛋白質、碳水化合物與膳食纖維，高抗氧化及高菌能力，使之成為健康飲食的推介食品。
分類轉變
竹蓀於1798年為法國自然學家Étienne Pierre Ventenat首先發現與描述[3]，到1801年其發現得到Christiaan Hendrik Persoon的認可[4]；另外亦有其他佚名的獨立發現者在1800年出版的書裡被提及：
This beautiful species, which is sufficiently characterised to distinguish it from every other individual of the class, is copiously produced in Dutch Guiana, about 300 paces from the sea, and nearly as far from the left bank of the river of Surinam. It was communicated to me by the elder Vaillant,[N 1] who discovered it in 1755 on some raised ground which was never overflowed by the highest tides, and is formed of a very fine white sand, covered with a thin stratum of earth. The prodigious quantity of individuals of this species which grow at the same time, the very different periods of their expansion, the brilliancy and the varied shades of their colours, present a prospect truly picturesque.[5]
其後的1809年，這類真菌被Nicaise Auguste Desvaux獨立放置在其屬內，是為竹蓀屬，學名Dictyophora[6]，而長久以來長裙竹蓀均以Dictyophora indusiata作為其拉丁學名[7]。1817年，en:Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck曾把竹蓀另外再歸入Hymenophallus[8]。這兩個分類最終亦回歸到鬼筆屬，成為其同義詞[1][7]。
例子
- 紅燒竹笙魚翅
註釋及参考文献
註釋
- ^ Father of the more famous François Levaillant, explorer and ornithologist, the elder Levaillant was a merchant of Metz who served as French consul in Dutch Guiana until 1763.
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Hymenophallus indusiatus (Vent.) Nees 1817. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [2010-10-19].
- ^ 竹荪是寄生在枯竹根部的一種隱花菌類 （中文（简体））.
- ^ Ventenat ÉP. Dissertation sur le genre Phallus [Essay on the genus Phallus]. Mémoires de l'institut National des Sciences et Arts. 1798, 1: 503–23 （French）.
- ^ Persoon CH. Synopsis Methodica Fungorum [Synopsis of a Methodology of Mushrooms]. Göttingen, Germany: Apud H. Dieterich. 1801: 244 （Latin）.
- ^ Anonymous. XXVII. A dissertation on the genus Phallus, by M. Ventenat. The Critical Review, or, Annals of Literature (London, UK). 1800, 13: 501–2.
- ^ Desvaux NA. Observations sur quelques genres à établir dans la famille des champignons [Observations on several genera to establish families of mushrooms]. Journal de Botanique (Desvaux). 1809, 2: 88–105 （French）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008: 206. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ Nees von Esenbeck CDG. System der Pilze und Schwämme [System of Mushrooms and Fungi]. Würzburg, Germany: In der Stahelschen buchhandlung. 1817: 251 （German）.
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