尤里·奧爾洛夫：修订间差异

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{{distinguish|text=[[战争之王]]中的虚拟角色}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = 尤里·奧爾洛夫<br/>Yuri Orlov<br/>Юрий Орлов
|name = 尤里·奧爾洛夫<br/>Yuri Orlov<br/>
|native_name = Юрий Фёдорович Орлов
|native_name_lang = Russian
|image =Orlov photo.jpg
|image =Orlov photo.jpg
|image_size = 300px
|image_size = 300px
|caption =
|caption = 奥尔洛夫（摄于2008年暑期）
|birth_date = 1924年8月13日
|birth_date = 1924年8月13日
|birth_place = [[蘇聯]][[莫斯科]]
|birth_place = [[蘇聯]][[莫斯科]]
第9行： 第12行：
|death_place =
|death_place =
|residence =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|citizenship = * {{Flag|Soviet Union}} (1924–1986)
* [[无国籍]] (1986–1990)
⚫
|nationality =
* {{Flag|Soviet Union}} (1990–1991)
⚫
|ethnicity = [[蘇聯]]
* [[无国籍]] (1991–1993)
|field =
* {{Flag|United States}} (1993–present)
⚫
|nationality = [[俄罗斯人|俄罗斯人]]
⚫
|field = [[核物理]]
|work_institutions =
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater =
|alma_mater = [[Moscow State University]], [[Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[核子物理|核子]][[物理學]],、蘇聯[[異議人士]]、[[人權]]運動
|known_for = 他在[[核子物理|核子]][[物理學]]的成就和在[[蘇聯人權運動]]的活动
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influences =
|influenced =
|influenced =
|prizes = [[Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize]] (1986), Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service (1995), [[Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS)]] (2006)
|prizes = [[Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize]] (1986), [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] [[Uppsala University]] (1990)<ref>http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/</ref> Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service (1995), [[Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS)]] (2006)
|religion =
|religion =
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
|spouse = * Irina Lagunova<ref name=SC>{{cite web|title=Орлов Юрий Федорович (р. 1924)|trans-title=Orlov Yuri Fyodorovich (b. 1924)|url=http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=author&i=79|publisher=The Sakharov Center|language=Russian}}</ref>
* Irina Valitova<ref>{{cite book|author=Shultz, George|title=Turmoil and triumph: my years as secretary of state|date=1993|publisher=Scribner's|isbn=0684193256|page=749}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Yuri Orlov vows he'll continue to struggle for human rights|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=19861002&id=He8wAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3N8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1183,4279178&hl=com|work=[[Kentucky New Era]]|date=2 October 1986|page=48}}</ref>
* Sidney Orlov<ref>{{cite web|title=The Yuri Orlov file|url=http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB482/|publisher=[[The National Security Archive]]}}</ref>
|children = sons Dmitri, Aleksandr,<ref name=UW1978>{{cite news|title=Orlov receives maximum sentence|url=http://ukrweekly.com/archive/pdf2/1978/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1978-20.pdf|work=[[The Ukrainian Weekly]]|volume=LXXXV|issue=113|date=21 May 1978|page=2}}</ref> Lev<ref name=SC/>
}}
}}
{{Listen|filename=Yurij Orlov voice.oga|title=Orlov's voice|type=speech|description=from Orlov’s interview for Ekho Moskvy, 11 May 2011}}


'''尤里·費奧多羅維奇·奧爾洛夫'''（{{lang-ru|'''Юрий Фёдорович Орлов'''}}，{{lang-en|'''Yuri Feodorovich Orlov'''}}，{{bd|1924年|8月13日|||catIdx=Orlov, Yuri}}）生於[[蘇俄]][[莫斯科]]，是[[康乃爾大學]]物理學與政府學教授，前[[蘇聯]][[异见分子]]，<ref>{{cite book|title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1990|date=1991|publisher=Human Rights Watch|page=296|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4g5-vtpSzvUC&pg=PA296}}</ref>前苏联[[核物理学家]]和與人權運動者<ref>{{cite journal|author=Zellick, Graham|title=The criminal trial and the disruptive defendant|journal=[[The Modern Law Review]]|date=March 1980|volume=43|issue=2|pages=121–135|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1980.tb01585.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1980.tb01585.x/abstract;jsessionid=71F0B10B1400469F5B82620CD4C0B9C8|jstor=1094873}}</ref>，创办了[[莫斯科赫爾辛基小組]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=CERN turns its back on Yuri Orlov|journal=[[New Scientist]]|date=2 July 1981|volume=91|issue=1260|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AWysYDyRfdIC&pg=PA4}}</ref>和苏联大赦国际团体<ref>{{cite news|author=Garelik, Glenn|title=Science and dissidence|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1991/07/21/science-and-dissidence/35be1a9f-dbeb-49ce-8f09-3f6720c8223f/|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=21 July 1991}}</ref>。作为苏联人权运动的创始人<ref>{{cite journal|title=Founder of the Soviet human-rights movement|journal=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|date=10 October 1986|volume=101|issue=16|pages=23|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/8600009515/founder-soviet-human-rights-movement}}</ref>，他曾因密切关注赫尔辛基人权运动而服刑<ref>{{cite journal|title=Orlov receives red carpet from Western science|journal=[[New Scientist]]|date=9 October 1986|volume=112|issue=1529|pages=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_35Z2EMyzAkC&pg=PA16}}</ref>、流亡九年，被认为是[[良心犯]]。<ref>{{cite journal|author=Halperin, Israel|title=Prisoners of conscience|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=December 1984|volume=37|issue=12|pages=94|doi=10.1063/1.2916026|bibcode=1984PhT....37l..94H}}</ref>
'''尤里·費奧多羅維奇·奧爾洛夫'''（{{lang-ru|'''Юрий Фёдорович Орлов'''}}，{{lang-en|'''Yuri Feodorovich Orlov'''}}，{{bd|1924年|8月13日|||catIdx=Orlov, Yuri}}），生於[[蘇俄]][[莫斯科]]，著名[[核子物理]]學者，前蘇聯異議份子與人權運動支持者，[[莫斯科赫爾辛基小組]]的創立者。現為[[康乃爾大學]]物理學與政府學教授。
==生平==
==早年生涯==
1924年8月13日，尤里·奧爾洛夫出生于莫斯哥附近村庄的一个工人家庭。<ref name=Wren>{{cite news|author=Wren, Christopher|title=Man in the news; a pragmatic crusader: Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/01/world/man-in-the-news-a-pragmatic-crusader-yuri-fyodorovich-orlov.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 October 1986}}</ref>他的父母是Klavdiya Petrovna Lebedeva和Fyodor Pavlovich Orlov。1933年3月，其父作古。

1944至1946年间，奧爾洛夫是[[苏联军队]]的一个军官。<ref name=Sakharov>{{cite book|title=Andrei Sakharov and human rights|date=2010|publisher=Council of Europe|isbn=9287169470|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAhC5ZVgjpgC&pg=PA151}}</ref>1952年，他从[[莫斯科国立大学]]毕业，加入[[理论与实验物理研究所]]学习。<ref name=Marshak>{{cite journal|author=Marshak, Robert|title=Orlov dissident trial in perspective|journal=[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]|date=September 1978|volume=34|issue=7|pages=5–6|doi=10.1080/00963402.1978.11458529|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAoAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA5}}</ref>随后成为研究所的物理学家。
==异见分子==
==逮捕与审判==
==抗议==
==服刑与流亡生涯==
==移民美国==
==参考资料==
{{reflist|3}}
==部分出版物==
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=Letter to L.I. Brezhnev|journal=Survey|issue=14|date=Spring–Summer 1974|pages=241–245|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Survey-1974q2-00241|harvid=Orlov1974}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=The road to my arrest|journal=[[The New Leader]]|date=March 1977|volume=60|issue=6|harvid=Orlov1977}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=On prisoners in Soviet camps|journal=Survey|date=Spring 1979|issue=24|pages=67–91|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Survey-1979q2-00067|harvid=Orlov1979}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=A quantum model of doubt|journal=[[Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences]]|date=October 1981|volume=373|pages=84–92|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb51134.x|bibcode=1981NYASA.373...84O|harvid=Orlov1981}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=The wave logic of consciousness: a hypothesis|journal=[[International Journal of Theoretical Physics]]|date=January 1982|volume=21|issue=1|pages=37–53|doi=10.1007/BF01880263|bibcode=1982IJTP...21...37O|harvid=Orlov1982}}
* {{cite journal|title=Yury Orlov: I believe in the people|journal=[[Index on Censorship]]|date=February 1987|volume=16|issue=2|pages=10|doi=10.1080/03064228708534201|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064228708534201}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri; Bethell, Nicholas|title=Out of the Gulag and into exile|journal=[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]]|date=May 1987|issue=26|pages=48–52|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter-1987may-00048|harvid=OrlovBethell1987}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=Before and after glasnost|journal=[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]|date=1 October 1988|volume=86|issue=4|page=24|url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/before-and-after-glasnost/|harvid=Orlov1988a}}
* {{vcite book|author=Orlov, Yuri|chapter=The Soviet Union, human rights, and national security|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225192/|editor=Corillon, Carol (ed.)|title=Science and human rights|date=1988|publisher=National Academies Press|location=Washington, DC|pages=62–67|harvid=Orlov1988b}}
* {{vcite news|author=Gottfried, Kurt; Orlov, Yuri|title=A man who would not be silenced: Sakharov: he saw scientific, political and moral realities as one equation, and he died still warning about 'tomorrow'|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-19/local/me-415_1_human-rights|work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=19 December 1989|harvid=GottfriedOrlov1989}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Bonner, Elena; Orlov, Yuri|title=Armenia: an open letter
|journal=[[The New York Review of Books]]|date=18 July 1991|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1991/jul/18/armenia-an-open-letter/|harvid=BonnerOrlov1991}}
* {{vcite book|author=Orlov, Yuri [Юрий Орлов]|chapter=Перейти к полной свободе в сфере идей|trans_chapter=Passing to full freedom in the area of ideas|chapter-url=http://www.memo.ru/uploads/files/1369.pdf|editor=Aksyutin, Yuri; Medvedev, Roy [Юрий Аксютин, Рой Медведев] (eds.)|title=Л.И. Брежнев: Материалы к биографии|trans_title=L.I. Brezhnev: Materials to biography|date=1991|publisher=Политиздат|location=Moscow|isbn=5-250-01721-5|pages=323–328|language=Russian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBofAAAAMAAJ|harvid=AksyutinMedvedev1991}}
* {{cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=Dangerous Thoughts. Memoirs of a Russian Life|date=1991|location=New York|publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]]|isbn=0688104711}}
* {{cite book|author=Орлов, Юрий|script-title=ru:Опасные мысли: Мемуары из рус. жизни|trans-title=Dangerous Thoughts. Memoirs of a Russian Life|date=1992|publisher=[[Argumenty i Fakty|Аргументы и факты]]|location=Moscow|url=http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=book&num=109|language=Russian|isbn=585272002X}}
* {{vcite journal|author=Birman, Joseph; Lizhi, Fang; Winick, Herman; Chudnovsky, Eugene; Orlov, Yuri|title=Science and human rights|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=August 1994|volume=370|issue=6491|page=592|doi=10.1038/370592a0|bibcode=1994Natur.370..592B|harvid=BirmanLizhiWinick1994}}
* {{cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri [Юрий Орлов]|chapter=Возможен ли социализм не тоталитарного типа?|trans-chapter=Is a non-totalitarian type of socialism possible?|chapter-url=http://antology.igrunov.ru/authors/orlov/1083933185.html|editor1=Akhmetiev I. |editor2=Kulakov V. [И. Ахметьев |editor3=В. Кулаков] |title=Самиздат века|trans-title=Samizdat of the century|date=1997|publisher=Полифакт|location=Minsk|isbn=5-89356-004-3|language=Russian}}
* {{cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri [Юрий Орлов]|chapter=Возможен ли социализм не тоталитарного типа?|trans-chapter=Is a non-totalitarian type of socialism possible?|editor=Igrunov, Vyacheslav [Вячеслав Игрунов]|title=Антология самиздата. Неподцензурная литература в СССР. 1950–1980-е.: В 3-х томах: т. 3: после 1973|trans-title=Anthology of samizdat. Uncensored literature in the USSR. The 1950s–1980s. In 3 volumes. Volume 3. After 1973|date=2005|publisher=Международный институт гуманитарно-политических исследований|pages=191–205|location=Moscow|isbn=5-89793-034-1|url=http://library.khpg.org/files/docs/1320039970.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308001603/http://library.khpg.org/files/docs/1320039970.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2013|deadurl=no|language=Russian}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.cornell.edu/search/index.cfm?tab=people&netid=yfo1&q=Yuri%20Orlov Yuri Orlov Cornell University Homepage]
* {{cite journal|title=Aftermath of the Orlov trial|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=25 May 1978|volume=273|issue=5660|pages=255|doi=10.1038/273255a0|bibcode= 1978Natur.273..255.}}
* {{cite journal|title=APS joins in appeals for Orlov and Shcharansky|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=January 1985|volume=38|issue=1|pages=117|doi=10.1063/1.2813731|bibcode=1985PhT....38Q.117.}}
* {{cite book|chapter=Biography of Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov|title=Basket III: implementation of the Helsinki Accords. Hearings before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Ninety-fifth congress. First session on implementation of the Helsinki Accords|volume=Vol. IV|date=1977|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=67–69|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/402803/17-basket-iii-helsinki-accords-hearings-volume-iv.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123063016/https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/402803/17-basket-iii-helsinki-accords-hearings-volume-iv.pdf|dead-url=no|archivedate=23 November 2015}}
* {{cite journal|title=Exiled Yuri Orlov|journal=[[Newsweek]]|date=12 October 1984|volume=104|issue=23|pages=57|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/8400006310/exiled-yuri-orlov}}
* {{cite journal|title=News from Orlov's trial|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=1 June 1978|volume=273|issue=5661|pages=329|doi=10.1038/273329a0|bibcode= 1978Natur.273..329.}}
* {{cite news|title=Человек дня – Юрий Орлов, основатель и первый председатель Московской Хельсинкской Группы|trans-title=The man of the day Yuri Orlov, the founder and first chairman of the Moscow Helsinki Group|url=http://www.svoboda.org/content/transcript/157408.html|work=[[Radio Liberty]]|date=13 May 2006|language=Russian}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Alexeyeva, Lyudmila |author2=Bukovsky, Vladimir |author3=Amalrik, Andrei |author4=Voikhanskaya, Marina |author5=Plyushch, Leonid |author6=Elina, Emilia |author7=Voronina, Lidia |author8=Bresenden, Yevgeniy |title=The Orlov tribunal|journal=[[Index on Censorship]]|date=November 1977|volume=6|issue=6|pages=52–60|doi=10.1080/03064227708532716|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064227708532716}}
* {{cite news|author=Bethell, Nicholas|title=How Orlov survived in Soviet prison|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19861017&id=8VQ0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=grkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5353,3685241|work=[[The Montreal Gazette]]|date=17 October 1986|page=A1, A5}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Bromley, Allan |author2=Feshbach, Herman |author3=Garvey, Gerald |author4=Hyde, Earl |author5=Keller, Lewin |author6=Weneser, Joseph |title=Soviet boycott by US physicists over Orlov|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=August 1978|volume=31|issue=8|pages=11|doi=10.1063/1.2995134|bibcode=1978PhT....31h..11B}}
* {{cite journal|author=Carr, Bruce|title=Physicists petition Soviet Academy on Orlov arrest|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=May 1977|volume=30|issue=5|pages=112|doi=10.1063/1.3037583|bibcode=1977PhT....30e.112C}}
* {{cite book|author1=De Boer, S. P. |author2=Driessen, Evert |author3=Verhaar, Hendrik |chapter=Orlov, Jurij Fedorovič|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1IQzecjGQX0C&pg=PA405|title=Biographical dictionary of dissidents in the Soviet Union: 1956–1975|date=1982|pages=405–406|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|location=The Hague|isbn=9024725380}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Hyman, Lloyd |author2=Katz, Joseph |author3=O'Connor, Timothy |author4=Peshkin, Murray |author5=Ringo, Roy |title=Concerning Y. Orlov and A. Sharansky|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|date=21 October 1977|volume=198|issue=4314|pages=251|doi=10.1126/science.198.4314.251|pmid=17770484|bibcode=1977Sci...198..253H}}
* {{cite journal|author=Jacobs, Michael|title=Current response to Orlov jailing|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=June 1979|volume=32|issue=6|pages=78|doi=10.1063/1.2995603|bibcode=1979PhT....32f..78J}}
* {{cite journal|author=Jacobs, Michael|title=Yuri Orlov's wife fears for his health|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=December 1979|volume=32|issue=12|pages=88|doi=10.1063/1.2995338|bibcode=1979PhT....32l..88J}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=Yurii Orlov suffers two trials|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=18 May 1978|volume=273|issue=5659|pages=178|doi=10.1038/273178a0|bibcode=1978Natur.273..178R}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=Americans cancel visits in protest over Orlov|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=25 May 1978|volume=273|issue=5660|pages=258|doi=10.1038/273258a0|bibcode=1978Natur.273..258R}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=A day in the life of Yurii Orlov|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=22 February 1979|volume=277|issue=5698|pages=591|doi=10.1038/277591a0|url=http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038%2F277591a0|bibcode=1979Natur.277Q.591R}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=Soviet Union: Orlov's fate in balance|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=16 February 1984|volume=307|issue=5952|pages=585|doi=10.1038/307585a0|bibcode=1984Natur.307Q.585R}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=Orlov appeal|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=23 February 1984|volume=307|issue=5953|pages=673|doi=10.1038/307673b0|bibcode=1984Natur.307..673R}}
* {{cite journal|author=Rich, Vera|title=Soviet Union: freedom at last for Orlov|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=9 October 1986|volume=323|issue=6088|pages=478|doi=10.1038/323478a0|bibcode=1986Natur.323..478R}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Sakharov, Andrei |author2=Meiman, Naum |title=The plight of Yuri Orlov|journal=[[Harvard International Review]]|date=March–April 1982|volume=4|issue=6|pages=50|jstor=42762207}}
* {{cite journal|author=Shapley, Deborah|title=Handler protests Orlov trial|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|date=2 June 1978|volume=200|issue=4345|pages=1026|doi=10.1126/science.200.4345.1026|bibcode=1978Sci...200.1026S|pmid=17740677}}
* {{cite journal|author=Sessler, Andrew|title=Reflections occasioned by the release of Yuri Orlov|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=November 1986|volume=39|issue=11|pages=168|doi=10.1063/1.2815231|bibcode=1986PhT....39k.168S}}
* {{cite journal|author=Sweet, William|title=Orlov provides perspectives on Gorbachev's reforms|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=May 1987|volume=40|issue=5|pages=79|doi=10.1063/1.2820021|bibcode=1987PhT....40e..79S}}
* {{cite journal|author=Turchin, Valentin|title=Orlov in exile|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=July 1985|volume=38|issue=38|page=9|doi=10.1063/1.2814623|bibcode=1985PhT....38g...9T}}
==外部連結==
==外部連結==
* [http://www.physics.cornell.edu/people/faculty/?page=website/faculty&action=show/id=85 尤里·奧爾洛夫康乃爾大學首頁]
* [http://www.physics.cornell.edu/people/faculty/?page=website/faculty&action=show/id=85 其在康乃爾大學的首頁]
* [http://physics.cornell.edu/sites/people/files/Orlov%20c.v.%20and%20pubs%202018.pdf 尤里·奥尔洛夫的简历]
* {{cite web|title=Восемнадцатая серия. Юрий Орлов|trans-title=The eighteenth part. Yuri Orlov|url=http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/media/video/soviet-dissidents-parallels-events-people/2442552.html|author=[[Natella Boltyanskaya]]|publisher=[[Parallels, Events, People]]|website=[[Voice of America]]|date=8 September 2014|language=Russian}}
* {{YouTube|BHBQPHZGyYk|Юбилейный вечер Юрия Орлова [Anniversary evening of Yuri Orlov, 19 min, in Russian]}}


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{{安德烈·萨哈罗夫奖获得者}}
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2018年11月12日 (一) 11:32的版本

  提示：此条目页的主题不是战争之王中的虚拟角色。
尤里·奧爾洛夫
Yuri Orlov
File:Orlov photo.jpg
奥尔洛夫（摄于2008年暑期）
原文名Юрий Фёдорович Орлов
出生1924年8月13日
蘇聯莫斯科
国籍俄罗斯人
公民权
母校Moscow State University, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
知名于他在核子物理學的成就和在蘇聯人權運動的活动
配偶
儿女sons Dmitri, Aleksandr,[5] Lev[1]
奖项Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize (1986), honorary doctorate Uppsala University (1990)[6] Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service (1995), Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS) (2006)
科学生涯
研究领域核物理
Orlov's voice
from Orlov’s interview for Ekho Moskvy, 11 May 2011
播放此文件有问题？请参见媒體幫助。

尤里·費奧多羅維奇·奧爾洛夫（俄語：Юрий Фёдорович Орлов，英語：Yuri Feodorovich Orlov，1924年8月13日—）生於蘇俄莫斯科，是康乃爾大學物理學與政府學教授，前蘇聯异见分子，[7]前苏联核物理学家和與人權運動者[8]，创办了莫斯科赫爾辛基小組[9]和苏联大赦国际团体[10]。作为苏联人权运动的创始人[11]，他曾因密切关注赫尔辛基人权运动而服刑[12]、流亡九年，被认为是良心犯。[13]

早年生涯

1924年8月13日，尤里·奧爾洛夫出生于莫斯哥附近村庄的一个工人家庭。[14]他的父母是Klavdiya Petrovna Lebedeva和Fyodor Pavlovich Orlov。1933年3月，其父作古。

1944至1946年间，奧爾洛夫是苏联军队的一个军官。[15]1952年，他从莫斯科国立大学毕业，加入理论与实验物理研究所学习。[16]随后成为研究所的物理学家。

异见分子

逮捕与审判

抗议

服刑与流亡生涯

移民美国

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Орлов Юрий Федорович (р. 1924) [Orlov Yuri Fyodorovich (b. 1924)]. The Sakharov Center （Russian）. 
  2. ^ Shultz, George. Turmoil and triumph: my years as secretary of state. Scribner's. 1993: 749. ISBN 0684193256. 
  3. ^ Yuri Orlov vows he'll continue to struggle for human rights. Kentucky New Era. 2 October 1986: 48. 
  4. ^ The Yuri Orlov file. The National Security Archive. 
  5. ^ Orlov receives maximum sentence (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly LXXXV (113). 21 May 1978: 2. 
  6. ^ http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/
  7. ^ Human Rights Watch World Report 1990. Human Rights Watch. 1991: 296. 
  8. ^ Zellick, Graham. The criminal trial and the disruptive defendant. The Modern Law Review. March 1980, 43 (2): 121–135. JSTOR 1094873. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1980.tb01585.x. 
  9. ^ CERN turns its back on Yuri Orlov. New Scientist. 2 July 1981, 91 (1260): 4. 
  10. ^ Garelik, Glenn. Science and dissidence. The Washington Post. 21 July 1991. 
  11. ^ Founder of the Soviet human-rights movement. U.S. News & World Report. 10 October 1986, 101 (16): 23. 
  12. ^ Orlov receives red carpet from Western science. New Scientist. 9 October 1986, 112 (1529): 16. 
  13. ^ Halperin, Israel. Prisoners of conscience. Physics Today. December 1984, 37 (12): 94. Bibcode:1984PhT....37l..94H. doi:10.1063/1.2916026. 
  14. ^ Wren, Christopher. Man in the news; a pragmatic crusader: Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov. The New York Times. 1 October 1986. 
  15. ^ Andrei Sakharov and human rights. Council of Europe. 2010: 151. ISBN 9287169470. 
  16. ^ Marshak, Robert. Orlov dissident trial in perspective. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. September 1978, 34 (7): 5–6. doi:10.1080/00963402.1978.11458529. 

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Further reading

外部連結

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