考科藍合作組織:修订间差异

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{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
|name = 考科藍
| name = 考科藍
| image = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Cochrane_logo_stacked.svg
|image =<!-- File:Cochrane Logo Stacked RGB.png-->
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| image_border =
|caption =
| caption =
| map =
| msize =
|map =
| mcaption =
|msize =
| abbreviation =
|mcaption =
| motto = 可信任實證、知情決定、更完善的健康照護
|abbreviation =
| formation = {{Start date|1993}}
|motto = 可信任實證、知情決定、更完善的健康照護
| extinction =
|formation = {{Start date|1993}}
| type = 國際性[[非營利組織|NPO]]
|extinction =
| status =
|type = 國際性[[非營利組織|NPO]]
| purpose = 將有關醫療的獨立研究結果轉化為數據<!--Independent research into data about health care-->
|status =
| headquarters = [[英國]][[倫敦]] <ref name=contactingus>{{Cite web|title = Contacting us {{!}} Cochrane|url = http://community.cochrane.org/contact|website = www.cochrane.org|accessdate = 2015-09-15|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150915025525/http://community.cochrane.org/contact|archivedate = 2015-09-15}}</ref>
|purpose = 將有關醫療的獨立研究結果轉化為數據<!--Independent research into data about health care-->
| location =
|headquarters = [[英國]][[倫敦]] <ref name=contactingus>{{Cite web|title = Contacting us {{!}} Cochrane|url = http://community.cochrane.org/contact|website = www.cochrane.org|accessdate = 2015-09-15|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150915025525/http://community.cochrane.org/contact|archivedate = 2015-09-15}}</ref>
| region_served = 全球
|location =
| membership =
|region_served = 全球
| language = en
|membership =
| leader_title = Steering Group Co-Chairs
|language = en
| leader_name = {{le|Lisa Bero|Lisa Bero}},<br />{{le|Cindy Farquhar|Cindy Farquhar}}<ref>[http://community.cochrane.org/contact/steering-group The Cochrane Steering Group & Subgroups]. Retrieved 2014-02-14.</ref>
|leader_title = Steering Group Co-Chairs
| main_organ =
|leader_name = {{le|Lisa Bero|Lisa Bero}},<br />{{le|Cindy Farquhar|Cindy Farquhar}}<ref>[http://community.cochrane.org/contact/steering-group The Cochrane Steering Group & Subgroups]. Retrieved 2014-02-14.</ref>
| parent_organization =
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| affiliations =
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| num_staff =
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| num_volunteers = 超過三萬七千人(2015年)<ref name=aboutus>{{Cite web|title = About us {{!}} Cochrane|url = http://www.cochrane.org/about-us|website = www.cochrane.org|accessdate = 2015-09-14}}</ref>
|num_staff =
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|num_volunteers = 超過三萬七千人(2015年)<ref name=aboutus>{{Cite web|title = About us {{!}} Cochrane|url = http://www.cochrane.org/about-us|website = www.cochrane.org|accessdate = 2015-09-14}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.cochrane.org}}
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'''考科藍'''(Cochrane)也稱為'''考科藍合作組織'''或'''考科藍協作組織''',是獨立、[[非營利組織|非營利]]的[[非政府组织]],由超過三萬七千名的志願者所組成,分布國家超過170個<ref name="aboutus" />。考科藍成立的目的是希望以系統化的方式組織醫學研究的資訊,依照[[實證醫學]]的原則來提供醫護專業人員、病人、醫療政策致訂者等人需要的資訊,以便於在醫療上的選擇<ref name=principles>{{cite web|title=Our principles|website=Cochrane Community|url=http://www.cochrane.org/about-us/our-principles|date=January 16, 2014|publisher=Cochrane.org|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Hill GB |title=Archie Cochrane and his legacy. An internal challenge to physicians' autonomy? |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=53 |issue=12 |pages=1189–92 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11146263 |doi=10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00253-5 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895-4356(00)00253-5}}</ref>。
'''考科藍'''(Cochrane)也稱為'''考科藍合作組織'''或'''考科藍協作組織''',是獨立、[[非營利組織|非營利]]的[[非政府组织]],由超過三萬七千名的志願者所組成,分布國家超過170個<ref name="aboutus" />。考科藍成立的目的是希望以系統化的方式組織醫學研究的資訊,依照[[實證醫學]]的原則來提供醫護專業人員、病人、醫療政策致訂者等人需要的資訊,以便於在醫療上的選擇<ref name=principles>{{cite web|title=Our principles|website=Cochrane Community|url=http://www.cochrane.org/about-us/our-principles|date=January 16, 2014|publisher=Cochrane.org|accessdate=15 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Hill GB |title=Archie Cochrane and his legacy. An internal challenge to physicians' autonomy? |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=53 |issue=12 |pages=1189–92 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11146263 |doi=10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00253-5 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895-4356(00)00253-5}}</ref>。


考科藍進行有關衛生保健介入及診斷檢查中,[[隨機對照試驗]]的[[系統綜述]],在{{le|考科藍實證醫學資料庫|Cochrane Library}}發表<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Scholten RJ, Clarke M, Hetherington J |title=The Cochrane Collaboration |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=59 |issue=Suppl 1|pages=S147–9; discussion S195–6 |date=August 2005 |pmid=16052183 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602188 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v59/n1s/full/1602188a.html}}</ref><ref>Ben Goldacre (2012), ''Bad Pharma'', Fourth Estate, p. 14ff.</ref>。有些綜論(例如[[職業安全]]領域的)也會研究非随機性、[[觀察性研究]]的結果<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kongsted|first1=Hans|last2=Konnerup|first2=Merete|title=Are more observational studies being included in Cochrane Reviews?|journal=BMC Research Notes|date=2012|volume=5|issue=1|pages=570|doi=10.1186/1756-0500-5-570}}</ref>。
考科藍進行有關衛生保健介入及診斷檢查中,[[隨機對照試驗]]的[[系統綜述|系統性文獻回顧]],在{{le|考科藍實證醫學資料庫|Cochrane Library}}發表<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Scholten RJ, Clarke M, Hetherington J |title=The Cochrane Collaboration |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=59 |issue=Suppl 1|pages=S147–9; discussion S195–6 |date=August 2005 |pmid=16052183 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602188 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v59/n1s/full/1602188a.html}}</ref><ref>Ben Goldacre (2012), ''Bad Pharma'', Fourth Estate, p. 14ff.</ref>。有些綜論(例如[[職業安全]]領域的)也會研究非随機性、[[觀察性研究]]的結果<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kongsted|first1=Hans|last2=Konnerup|first2=Merete|title=Are more observational studies being included in Cochrane Reviews?|journal=BMC Research Notes|date=2012|volume=5|issue=1|pages=570|doi=10.1186/1756-0500-5-570}}</ref>。


考科藍於2015年在臺灣設立分中心<ref>{{Cite web|title=實證醫學破迷思!考科藍台灣研究中心啟動|url=http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%B4%E8%BF%B7%E6%80%9D-%E8%80%83%E7%A7%91%E8%97%8D%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95-051606818.html|accessdate=2019-10-30|work=tw.news.yahoo.com|language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>。
考科藍於2015年在臺灣設立分中心<ref>{{Cite web|title=實證醫學破迷思!考科藍台灣研究中心啟動|url=http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%B4%E8%BF%B7%E6%80%9D-%E8%80%83%E7%A7%91%E8%97%8D%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95-051606818.html|accessdate=2019-10-30|work=tw.news.yahoo.com|language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>。


== 歷史 ==
考科藍 (過去被稱為考科藍合作組織) 是由艾恩‧查默斯帶領下於1993年成立<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Climbing a Medical Everest|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5628/2024|last=Ault|first=Alicia|date=2003-06-27|journal=Science|issue=5628|doi=10.1126/science.300.5628.2024|volume=300|pages=2024–2025|language=en|issn=0036-8075|pmid=12829761}}</ref>。該組織是回應艾奇‧考科藍的呼籲而發展的,他呼籲對醫療領域中的所有相關[[隨機對照試驗]]進行[[系統性文獻回顧]],並隨時更新資訊<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Cochrane Collaboration|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/business/the-cochrane-collaboration.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2013-06-29|accessdate=2019-11-04|issn=0362-4331|language=en-US|first=Katie|last=Thomas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane's agenda.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1883470/|last=Chalmers|first=I.|last2=Dickersin|first2=K.|date=1992-10-03|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|issue=6857|volume=305|pages=786–788|issn=0959-8138|pmc=1883470|pmid=1422354|last3=Chalmers|first3=T. C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Remarkable Archie: Origins of the Cochrane Collaboration|url=http://insights.ovid.com/|last=Winkelstein|first=Warren|date=2009-9|journal=Epidemiology|issue=5|doi=10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181aff391|volume=20|language=ENGLISH|issn=1044-3983|pmid=19680039}}</ref>。


1998年,考科藍經濟方法學小組 (CEMG) 成立,作為推動基於[[健康經濟學]]、[[循证医学|實證醫學]]與[[系統性文獻回顧]]的決策。


研究與發展計畫 (由[[國民保健署 (英國)]]支持) 採用了考科藍的建議:方法學應該更廣泛地使用過去用於懷孕及生產中準備與維持的對照試驗<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Research and development for the National Health Service|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369190494A|last=Peckham|first=Michael|date=1991-08-10|journal=The Lancet|issue=8763|doi=10.1016/0140-6736(91)90494-A|series=Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 8763|volume=338|pages=367–371|issn=0140-6736}}</ref>。透過NHS的研究與發展計畫 (由麥可‧佩卡姆為領導),提供資金成立了「考科藍中心」,並與英國及其他地區的人合作,推動醫療各領域中[[隨機對照試驗]]的[[系統綜述|系統性文獻回顧]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Cochrane Collaboration: Evaluation of Health Care and Services Using Systematic Reviews of the Results of Randomized Controlled Trials|url=http://insights.ovid.com/|last=Dickersin|first=Kay|last2=Manheimer|first2=Eric|date=1998-6|journal=Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology|issue=2|volume=41|pages=315–331|language=ENGLISH|issn=0009-9201|pmid=9646964}}</ref>。

2004年,坎貝爾協作組織偕同CEMG 建立坎貝爾與考科藍經濟方法學小組(CCEMG)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Economics methods in Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health related interventions|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1660547/|last=Shemilt|first=Ian|last2=Mugford|first2=Miranda|date=2006-11-15|journal=BMC Medical Research Methodology|doi=10.1186/1471-2288-6-55|volume=6|pages=55|issn=1471-2288|pmc=1660547|pmid=17107612|last3=Drummond|first3=Michael|last4=Eisenstein|first4=Eric|last5=Mallender|first5=Jacqueline|last6=McDaid|first6=David|last7=Vale|first7=Luke|last8=Walker|first8=Damian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome|url=https://methods.cochrane.org/economics/welcome|accessdate=2019-11-04|work=methods.cochrane.org|language=en}}</ref>。

2013年,該組織發表社論,描述它們在培訓開發中國家進行考科藍回顧的努力<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cochrane and Capacity Building in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Where are we at?|url=https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.ED000072|last=Young|first=Taryn|last2=Garner|first2=Paul|date=2013-11-01|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|doi=10.1002/14651858.ed000072|location=Chichester, UK|last3=Kredo|first3=Tamara|last4=Mbuagbaw|first4=Lawrence|last5=Tharyan|first5=Prathap|last6=Volmink|first6=Jimmy}}</ref>。2017年的社論簡要討論到考科藍方法學的歷史,例如使用方法學代替[[隨機對照試驗]]及在臨床實作上使用實證資料的挑戰<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cochrane Work—championing facts since 2003|url=https://academic.oup.com/occmed/article/67/7/504/4430930|last=Ruotsalainen|first=Jani|last2=Sauni|first2=Riitta|date=2017-10-01|journal=Occupational Medicine|issue=7|doi=10.1093/occmed/kqx073|volume=67|pages=504–506|language=en|issn=0962-7480|last3=Verbeek|first3=Jos}}</ref>。
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== 參考資料 ==
== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

2019年11月4日 (一) 06:56的版本

考科藍
命名缘由阿奇·科克倫[*]
成立時間1993年 (1993)
創始人Iain Chalmers[*]Peter C. Gøtzsche[*]
類型國際性NPO
總部英國倫敦 [1]
服务地区全球
官方語言
en
Steering Group Co-Chairs
Lisa Bero英语Lisa Bero,
Cindy Farquhar英语Cindy Farquhar[2]
收入
10,000,800 歐元 (2020年) 编辑维基数据
志願者数
超過三萬七千人(2015年)[3]
標語可信任實證、知情決定、更完善的健康照護
目標將有關醫療的獨立研究結果轉化為數據
網站www.cochrane.org

考科藍(Cochrane)也稱為考科藍合作組織考科藍協作組織,是獨立、非營利非政府组织,由超過三萬七千名的志願者所組成,分布國家超過170個[3]。考科藍成立的目的是希望以系統化的方式組織醫學研究的資訊,依照實證醫學的原則來提供醫護專業人員、病人、醫療政策致訂者等人需要的資訊,以便於在醫療上的選擇[4][5]

考科藍進行有關衛生保健介入及診斷檢查中,隨機對照試驗系統性文獻回顧,在考科藍實證醫學資料庫英语Cochrane Library發表[6][7]。有些綜論(例如職業安全領域的)也會研究非随機性、觀察性研究的結果[8]

考科藍於2015年在臺灣設立分中心[9]

歷史

考科藍 (過去被稱為考科藍合作組織) 是由艾恩‧查默斯帶領下於1993年成立[10]。該組織是回應艾奇‧考科藍的呼籲而發展的,他呼籲對醫療領域中的所有相關隨機對照試驗進行系統性文獻回顧,並隨時更新資訊[11][12][13]

1998年,考科藍經濟方法學小組 (CEMG) 成立,作為推動基於健康經濟學實證醫學系統性文獻回顧的決策。

研究與發展計畫 (由國民保健署 (英國)支持) 採用了考科藍的建議:方法學應該更廣泛地使用過去用於懷孕及生產中準備與維持的對照試驗[14]。透過NHS的研究與發展計畫 (由麥可‧佩卡姆為領導),提供資金成立了「考科藍中心」,並與英國及其他地區的人合作,推動醫療各領域中隨機對照試驗系統性文獻回顧[15]

2004年,坎貝爾協作組織偕同CEMG 建立坎貝爾與考科藍經濟方法學小組(CCEMG)[16][17]

2013年,該組織發表社論,描述它們在培訓開發中國家進行考科藍回顧的努力[18]。2017年的社論簡要討論到考科藍方法學的歷史,例如使用方法學代替隨機對照試驗及在臨床實作上使用實證資料的挑戰[19]

參考資料

  1. ^ Contacting us | Cochrane. www.cochrane.org. [2015-09-15]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-15). 
  2. ^ The Cochrane Steering Group & Subgroups. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 About us | Cochrane. www.cochrane.org. [2015-09-14]. 
  4. ^ Our principles. Cochrane Community. Cochrane.org. January 16, 2014 [15 September 2015]. 
  5. ^ Hill GB. Archie Cochrane and his legacy. An internal challenge to physicians' autonomy?. J Clin Epidemiol. December 2000, 53 (12): 1189–92. PMID 11146263. doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00253-5. 
  6. ^ Scholten RJ, Clarke M, Hetherington J. The Cochrane Collaboration. Eur J Clin Nutr. August 2005, 59 (Suppl 1): S147–9; discussion S195–6. PMID 16052183. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602188. 
  7. ^ Ben Goldacre (2012), Bad Pharma, Fourth Estate, p. 14ff.
  8. ^ Kongsted, Hans; Konnerup, Merete. Are more observational studies being included in Cochrane Reviews?. BMC Research Notes. 2012, 5 (1): 570. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-570. 
  9. ^ 實證醫學破迷思!考科藍台灣研究中心啟動. tw.news.yahoo.com. [2019-10-30] (中文(臺灣)). 
  10. ^ Ault, Alicia. Climbing a Medical Everest. Science. 2003-06-27, 300 (5628): 2024–2025. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12829761. doi:10.1126/science.300.5628.2024 (英语). 
  11. ^ Thomas, Katie. The Cochrane Collaboration. The New York Times. 2013-06-29 [2019-11-04]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  12. ^ Chalmers, I.; Dickersin, K.; Chalmers, T. C. Getting to grips with Archie Cochrane's agenda.. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 1992-10-03, 305 (6857): 786–788. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1883470可免费查阅. PMID 1422354. 
  13. ^ Winkelstein, Warren. The Remarkable Archie: Origins of the Cochrane Collaboration. Epidemiology. 2009-9, 20 (5). ISSN 1044-3983. PMID 19680039. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181aff391 (ENGLISH). 
  14. ^ Peckham, Michael. Research and development for the National Health Service. The Lancet. Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 8763. 1991-08-10, 338 (8763): 367–371. ISSN 0140-6736. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90494-A. 
  15. ^ Dickersin, Kay; Manheimer, Eric. The Cochrane Collaboration: Evaluation of Health Care and Services Using Systematic Reviews of the Results of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998-6, 41 (2): 315–331. ISSN 0009-9201. PMID 9646964 (ENGLISH). 
  16. ^ Shemilt, Ian; Mugford, Miranda; Drummond, Michael; Eisenstein, Eric; Mallender, Jacqueline; McDaid, David; Vale, Luke; Walker, Damian. Economics methods in Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health related interventions. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2006-11-15, 6: 55. ISSN 1471-2288. PMC 1660547可免费查阅. PMID 17107612. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-55. 
  17. ^ Welcome. methods.cochrane.org. [2019-11-04] (英语). 
  18. ^ Young, Taryn; Garner, Paul; Kredo, Tamara; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Tharyan, Prathap; Volmink, Jimmy. Cochrane and Capacity Building in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Where are we at?. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd). 2013-11-01. doi:10.1002/14651858.ed000072. 
  19. ^ Ruotsalainen, Jani; Sauni, Riitta; Verbeek, Jos. Cochrane Work—championing facts since 2003. Occupational Medicine. 2017-10-01, 67 (7): 504–506. ISSN 0962-7480. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx073 (英语). 

外部連結