燒錄器：修订间差异
翻譯外文連結 |
（没有差异）
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2020年1月21日 (二) 04:41的版本
 | 此條目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2020年1月21日) |
裝在轉接板上
燒錄器（programmer）、晶片燒錄器（chip programmer）、設備燒錄器（device burner）[1]:364、PROM寫入器（PROM writer）[2]或燒錄設備，是可以將软件燒錄檔案載入非揮發性記憶體的集成电路（稱為可程式化設備）的電子設備[3]:3。可程式化設備包括有（可規劃式唯讀記憶體）PROM、可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體（EPROM）、電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體（EEPROM）、闪存、多媒體記憶卡、磁阻式隨機存取記憶體（MRAM）、鐵電隨機存取記憶體（FeRAM）、Non-volatile random-access memory、可程式化邏輯裝置（PLD）、可程式化邏輯陣列（PLA）、可程式化陣列邏輯（PAL）、通用阵列逻辑（GAL）、複雜可程式化邏輯裝置（CPLD）、现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）及单片机（MCU）等硬件。
Function
On-Board Programmer
for Atmel AVR 单片机
with USB Port interface
Programmer hardware has two variants. One is configuring the target device itself with a socket on the programmer. Another is configuring the device on a 印刷电路板.
In the former case, the target device is inserted into a socket (usually 零插拔力插座) on top of the programmer.[4]:642, pdf15 If the device is not a standard 雙列直插封裝, a plug-in adapter board, which converts the Footprint (electronics) with another socket, is used.[5]:58
In the latter case, device programmer is directly connected to the printed circuit board by a connector, usually with a cable. This way is called on-board programming, in-circuit programming, or in-system programming.[6][7][8]
Afterwards the data is transferred from the programmer into the device by applying signals through the connecting pins. Some devices have a serial interface[9]:232, pdf3 for receiving the programming data (including JTAG interface).[4]:642, pdf15 Other devices require the data on parallel pins, followed by a programming pulse with a higher voltage for programming the data into the device.[10]:125
Usually device programmers are connected to a 个人电脑 through a parallel port,[1]:364 USB port,[11] or 局域网 interface.[12] A software program on the computer then transfers the data to the programmer,[1]:364 [13]:430 selects the device and interface type, and starts the programming process to read/ write/ erase/ blank the data inside the device.[14][15]
Types
16-Sockets Automated Gang Programmer
There are four general types of device programmers:
- Automated programmers (multi-programming sites, having a set of sockets)[16] for mass production.[4] These systems utilize robotic pick and place handlers with on-board sites. This allows for high volume and complex output (such as laser marking, 3D inspection, Tape input/output, etc.)
- Development programmers (usually single-programming site) for first article development and small-series production.[17]
- Pocket programmers for development and field service.[17][18]
- Specialized programmers for certain circuit types only, such as FPGA,[19] 单片机,[4]:642, pdf15 and 電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體 programmers.[14]
history
A shoebox size
闪存 Programmer
Regarding old PROM programmers, as the many programmable devices have different voltage requirements, every pin driver must be able to apply different voltages in a range of 0–25 Volts.[20]:651[21]:40 But according to the progress of memory device technology, recent flash memory programmers do not need high voltages.[22][23]
In the early days of 计算 (计算机科学), 啟動程式 mechanism was a mechanical devices usually consisted of switches and 發光二極管. It means the programmer was not an equipment but a human, who entered 机器语言s one by one, by setting the switches in a series of "on" and "off" positions. These positions of switches corresponded to the machine codes, similar to today's 汇编语言.[24]:261–262[25][26] Nowadays, 電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體s are used for bootstrapping mechanism as BIOS, and no need to operate mechanical switches for programming.[27]:45
製造商
有關製造商網址，請參考「外部連結」段落
- Batronix
- BPM Microsystems
- CodiProg
- Xeltek
- Conitec Datasystems
- MCUmall Electronics Inc.
- Data I/O
- Elnec
- 岱鐠科技有限公司
- Minato Holdings
- 河洛半導體（Hi-Lo System Research）
- Phyton, Inc.
相關條目
- Off-line programming (robotics)
- In-system programming
- Debug port
- JTAG
- 通用快閃記憶體介面
- Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group
- Atmel AVR
- PIC微控制器
- Intel HEX – ASCII 檔案格式
- SREC – ASCII 檔案格式
- 可執行與可鏈接格式 – 二進位檔案格式
- COFF – 二進位檔案格式
- 硬件描述语言
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mueller, Scott. Upgrading and Repairing PCs. Que Publishing. 2003. ISBN 9780789727459 （英语）.
- ^ Cressler, John D. Silicon Earth: Introduction to Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Second Edition. CRC Press. 2017. ISBN 9781351830201 （英语）.
- ^ Czerwinski, Robert; Kania, Dariusz. Finite State Machine Logic Synthesis for Complex Programmable Logic Devices. Springer Science & Business Media. 2013. ISBN 9783642361661 （英语）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mazidi, Muhammad Ali; Naimi, Sarmad; Naimi, Sepehr. The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems : using Assembly and C (PDF). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. 2011. ISBN 9780138003319.
- ^ Edwards, Lewin. So You Wanna Be an Embedded Engineer: The Guide to Embedded Engineering, From Consultancy to the Corporate Ladder. Elsevier. 2006. ISBN 9780080498157 （英语）.
- ^ IEEE 1532-2002 - IEEE Standard for In-System Configuration of Programmable Devices. standards.ieee.org.
- ^ What is the IEEE 1532 Standard?. Keysight Technologies.
- ^ Jacobson, Neil G. The In-System Configuration Handbook:: A Designer's Guide to ISC. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. ISBN 9781461504894 （英语）.
- ^
Ong, Royan H. L.; Pont, Michael J. Empirical comparison of software-based error detection and correction techniques for embedded systems. CODES '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Hardware/Software Codesign (ACM). 25 April 2001: 230–235. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.543.9943
. ISBN 978-1581133646. doi:10.1145/371636.371739.
- ^ Ravichandran, D. Introduction To Computers And Communication. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 2001. ISBN 9780070435650 （英语）.
- ^ Review: XG autoelectric TL866CS MiniPro Universal USB Programmer. Gough's Tech Zone. 22 April 2016.
- ^ flash programmer with LAN - Google Search. www.google.com （英语）.
- ^ International Validation Forum. Validation Compliance Annual: 1995. CRC Press. 1995. ISBN 9780824794590 （英语）.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 How to Read, Erase, & Write EProm EEProm Chips Electronic Fuel injection DIY Tuning GQ-4X Programmer. 2 May 2014.
- ^ EPROMS: The minimum you need to know to burn your own. www.classic-computers.org.nz.
- ^ gang | Definition of gang in English by Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford Dictionaries | English.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 EEVblog #411 - MiniPro TL866 Universal Programmer Review - Page 1. www.eevblog.com.
- ^ EPROM programmer for field service - Google Search. www.google.com （英语）.
- ^ Pang, Aiken; Membrey, Peter. Beginning FPGA: Programming Metal: Your brain on hardware. Apress. 2016. ISBN 9781430262480 （英语）.
- ^ Godse, A.P.; Godse, D. A. Digital Techniques. Technical Publications. 2008. ISBN 9788184314014 （英语）.
- ^ Ball, Stuart. Embedded Microprocessor Systems: Real World Design. Elsevier. 2002. ISBN 9780080477572 （英语）.
- ^ Choi, S. J.; Han, J. W.; Jang, M. G.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, K. H.; Lee, G. S.; Oh, J. S.; Song, M. H.; Park, Y. C.; Kim, J. W.; Choi, Y. K. High Injection Efficiency and Low-Voltage Programming in a Dopant-Segregated Schottky Barrier (DSSB) FinFET SONOS for nor-type Flash Memory. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 2009, 30 (3): 265–268. ISSN 0741-3106. doi:10.1109/LED.2008.2010720.
- ^ Remembering the PROM knights of Intel | EE Times. EETimes. 2002-07-03.
- ^ DuCastel, Bertrand; Jurgensen, Timothy. Computer Theology: Intelligent Design of the World Wide Web. Midori Press LLC. 2008. ISBN 9780980182118 （英语）.
- ^ Getting Started with Blinking Lights on Old Iron. Hackaday. 10 August 2017.
- ^ Gooijen, Henk. NOVA 3 console description. www.pdp-11.nl.
- ^ Goel, Anita. Computer Fundamentals. Pearson Education India. 2010. ISBN 9788131733097 （英语）.
外部連結
- 技術資訊
- JEDEC - Memory Configurations: JESD21-C
- JEDEC - Common Flash Interface (CFI) Specification, JESD68.01, September 2003.
- Intel - Common Flash Interface (CFI) and Command Sets
- IEEE Std 1532-2002 (Revision of IEEE Std 1532-2001) - IEEE Standard for In-System Configuration of Programmable Devices
- What is the IEEE 1532 Standard? | Keysight Technologies
- JEDEC - STANDARD DATA TRANSFER FORMAT BETWEEN DATA PREPARATION SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICE PROGRAMMER: JESD3-C, Jun 1994
- JEDEC - JC-42 Solid State Memories
