跳转到内容

櫛齒鋸鰩:修订间差异

维基百科,自由的百科全书
删除的内容 添加的内容
无编辑摘要
无编辑摘要
第13行: 第13行:
'''櫛齒鋸鰩'''([[學名]]:''Pristis pectinata'')是[[犁头鳐目]][[鋸鰩科]]锯鳐属的物种,分布于大西洋热带与亚热带地区沿岸水域以及[[河口湾]]处。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Poulakis|first1=Gregg R.|last2=Stevens|first2=Philip W.|last3=Timmers|first3=Amy A.|last4=Stafford|first4=Christopher J.|last5=Chapman|first5=Demian D.|last6=Feldheim|first6=Kevin A.|last7=Heupel|first7=Michelle R.|last8=Curtis|first8=Caitlin|title=Long-term site fidelity of endangered small-tooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) from different mothers|url=http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1144/poulakis.pdf|journal=Fishery Bulletin|volume=114|issue=4|pages=461–475|doi=10.7755/fb.114.4.8|year=2016|doi-access=free}}</ref>。目前栉齿锯鳐正面临极大的灭绝风险,分布范围大大减少,IUCN将其评为[[极危]]物种。<ref name = iucn/>
'''櫛齒鋸鰩'''([[學名]]:''Pristis pectinata'')是[[犁头鳐目]][[鋸鰩科]]锯鳐属的物种,分布于大西洋热带与亚热带地区沿岸水域以及[[河口湾]]处。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Poulakis|first1=Gregg R.|last2=Stevens|first2=Philip W.|last3=Timmers|first3=Amy A.|last4=Stafford|first4=Christopher J.|last5=Chapman|first5=Demian D.|last6=Feldheim|first6=Kevin A.|last7=Heupel|first7=Michelle R.|last8=Curtis|first8=Caitlin|title=Long-term site fidelity of endangered small-tooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) from different mothers|url=http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1144/poulakis.pdf|journal=Fishery Bulletin|volume=114|issue=4|pages=461–475|doi=10.7755/fb.114.4.8|year=2016|doi-access=free}}</ref>。目前栉齿锯鳐正面临极大的灭绝风险,分布范围大大减少,IUCN将其评为[[极危]]物种。<ref name = iucn/>
==物种分布==
==物种分布==
栉齿锯鳐曾广泛分布于大西洋的热带与亚热带水域,包括[[地中海]]、[[墨西哥湾]]、[[加勒比海]]等海区,北至[[美国]]南至[[乌拉圭]]和[[安哥拉]]的沿岸海域均能觅其踪影,但目前其已在大部分区域灭绝<ref name=Dulvy2014>{{cite journal| author=Dulvy| author2=Davidson| author3=Kyne| author4=Simpfendorfer| author5=Harrison| author6=Carlson| author7=Fordham| name-list-style=amp | year=2014 | title=Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes | journal=Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. | volume=26 | issue=1 | pages=134–153 | doi=10.1002/aqc.2525 | url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/37738/6/37738%20Dulvy%20et%20al%202016.pdf| doi-access=free}}</ref> 。目前尚有分布的国家包括[[巴哈马]]、[[伯利兹]]、[[古巴]]、[[洪都拉斯]]、[[塞拉利昂]]和[[美国]]。虽然在[毛里塔尼亚]]和[[几内亚比绍]]有相关目击报告,但这两次报告仅被确定为锯鳐属的物种(''Pristis sp.''),无法认定是否为栉齿锯鳐。<ref name = iucn/>
栉齿锯鳐曾广泛分布于大西洋的热带与亚热带水域,包括[[地中海]]、[[墨西哥湾]]、[[加勒比海]]等海区,北至[[美国]]南至[[乌拉圭]]和[[安哥拉]]的沿岸海域均能觅其踪影,但目前其已在大部分区域灭绝<ref name=Dulvy2014>{{cite journal| author=Dulvy| author2=Davidson| author3=Kyne| author4=Simpfendorfer| author5=Harrison| author6=Carlson| author7=Fordham| name-list-style=amp | year=2014 | title=Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes | journal=Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. | volume=26 | issue=1 | pages=134–153 | doi=10.1002/aqc.2525 | url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/37738/6/37738%20Dulvy%20et%20al%202016.pdf| doi-access=free}}</ref> 。目前尚有分布的国家包括[[巴哈马]]、[[伯利兹]]、[[古巴]]、[[洪都拉斯]]、[[塞拉利昂]]和[[美国]]。虽然在[[毛里塔尼亚]]和[[几内亚比绍]]有相关目击报告,但这两次报告仅被确定为锯鳐属的物种(''Pristis sp.''),无法认定是否为栉齿锯鳐。<ref name = iucn/>


==習性==
==生态==
栉齿锯鳐的幼鱼生活于河流、运河、溪流等较浅的淡水水域<ref>Simpfendorfer, C.A., Wiley, T.R., and Yeiser, B.G. 2010. Improving conservation planning for an endangered sawfish using data from acoustic telemetry. Biological Conservation 143(6): 1460-1469.</ref>,随着年龄增大会逐渐迁徙至[[盐度]]更高的河流下游并最终进入海水。成年栉齿锯鳐多分布于沿岸水域或是[[河口湾]]的浅水区,一般水深不超过8米。<ref name=SawfishCS>{{cite web | author=Whitty, J. | author2=N. Phillips | author3=R. Scharfer | name-list-style=amp | url=http://www.sawfishconservationsociety.org/pectinata.htm |title=Pristis pectinata (Latham, 1794) | publisher=Sawfish Conservation Society |access-date=17 November 2017 }}</ref>栉齿锯鳐最理想的栖息地为[[红树林]]与{{link-en|海草床|seagrass meadow}}等海床多泥沙的环境,偶尔亦会出没于[[珊瑚礁]]附近。<ref>Norton, S., Wiley, T.R., Carlson, J.K., Frick, A.L., Poulakis, G.R., and Simpfendorfer, C.A. 2012. Designating critical habitat for the endangered smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata in the United States: challenges and results. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 4: 473-480.</ref>
櫛齒鋸鰩是[[卵胎生]]的。雌鰩每次會生約15-20條幼鰩。它們棲息在淺水海岸區及[[河口]],喜歡留在海床泥面。它們有時也會游到[[河流]]。


==繁殖==
栉齿锯鳐每两年繁殖一次,为[[卵胎生]]物种,即幼鱼孵化后留在母鱼体内,依靠卵黄获取营养直到发育完全后再诞生。栉齿锯鳐一胎产下15-20条幼鱼。<ref name = sim05>Simpfendorfer, C. A. 2005. Threatened fishes of the world: Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794 (Pristidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 73: 20.</ref>寻求伴侣的栉齿锯鳐会利用其“锯子”(即形似锯子的吻部)上的[[劳伦氏壶腹]]定位异性的位置,并通过啮咬彼此胸鳍的方式来示爱。<ref name=pratt>{{cite book|last1=Pratt|first1=Harold L.|last2=Carrier|first2=Jeffrey C. |title=A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, ''Ginglymostoma cirratum''|journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes|year=2001 |volume=20 |pages=157–188 |doi=10.1007/978-94-017-3245-1_11 |series=Developments in environmental biology of fishes|isbn=978-90-481-5655-9}}</ref>在确定交配对象后,雄性栉齿锯鳐会将其[[鳍足]]插入雌性的阴道,并借助其虹吸囊将精子推入雌性体内。<ref name = pratt/>

关于栉齿锯鳐具体性成熟长度尚有争议,2005年的文献认为雄性和雌性栉齿锯鳐的性成熟长度分为为270厘米和360厘米<ref name = sim05/>,但目前捕获最小的性成熟雄性为370厘米,雌性则为415厘米。<ref>Carlson, J.K. and Osborne, J. 2012. Relative abundance of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) based on the Everglades National Park Creel Survey. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-626, 15 p.</ref>。有学者按实际数据通过[[卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非|冯·贝塔郎非]]函数反推得出雄性的性成熟年龄为7.5岁,雌性则是10-12岁。<ref>Scharer, R.M., Patterson, W.F., Carlson, J.K. and Poulakis, G.R. 2012. Age and growth of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) verified with LA-ICP-MS analysis of vertebrae. PLoS One 7(10): e47850.</ref>
==保育狀況==
==保育狀況==
櫛齒鋸鰩受到捕漁、有限的棲息地及低出生率的威脅,現正處於[[極危]]狀況。<ref name=iucn/>[[美國]]於2003年就已經立法保護它們。它們也受到《[[瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約]]》附錄一的保護。
櫛齒鋸鰩受到捕漁、有限的棲息地及低出生率的威脅,現正處於[[極危]]狀況。<ref name=iucn/>[[美國]]於2003年就已經立法保護它們。它們也受到《[[瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約]]》附錄一的保護。

2022年10月3日 (一) 19:59的版本

櫛齒鋸鰩
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目: 犁头鳐目 Rhinopristiformes
科: 鋸鰩科 Pristidae
属: 锯鳐属 Pristis
种:
櫛齒鋸鰩 P. pectinata
二名法
Pristis pectinata
Latham, 1794

櫛齒鋸鰩學名Pristis pectinata)是犁头鳐目鋸鰩科锯鳐属的物种,分布于大西洋热带与亚热带地区沿岸水域以及河口湾处。[2]。目前栉齿锯鳐正面临极大的灭绝风险,分布范围大大减少,IUCN将其评为极危物种。[1]

物种分布

栉齿锯鳐曾广泛分布于大西洋的热带与亚热带水域,包括地中海墨西哥湾加勒比海等海区,北至美国南至乌拉圭安哥拉的沿岸海域均能觅其踪影,但目前其已在大部分区域灭绝[3] 。目前尚有分布的国家包括巴哈马伯利兹古巴洪都拉斯塞拉利昂美国。虽然在毛里塔尼亚几内亚比绍有相关目击报告,但这两次报告仅被确定为锯鳐属的物种(Pristis sp.),无法认定是否为栉齿锯鳐。[1]

生态

栉齿锯鳐的幼鱼生活于河流、运河、溪流等较浅的淡水水域[4],随着年龄增大会逐渐迁徙至盐度更高的河流下游并最终进入海水。成年栉齿锯鳐多分布于沿岸水域或是河口湾的浅水区,一般水深不超过8米。[5]栉齿锯鳐最理想的栖息地为红树林海草床英语seagrass meadow等海床多泥沙的环境,偶尔亦会出没于珊瑚礁附近。[6]

繁殖

栉齿锯鳐每两年繁殖一次,为卵胎生物种,即幼鱼孵化后留在母鱼体内,依靠卵黄获取营养直到发育完全后再诞生。栉齿锯鳐一胎产下15-20条幼鱼。[7]寻求伴侣的栉齿锯鳐会利用其“锯子”(即形似锯子的吻部)上的劳伦氏壶腹定位异性的位置,并通过啮咬彼此胸鳍的方式来示爱。[8]在确定交配对象后,雄性栉齿锯鳐会将其鳍足插入雌性的阴道,并借助其虹吸囊将精子推入雌性体内。[8]

关于栉齿锯鳐具体性成熟长度尚有争议,2005年的文献认为雄性和雌性栉齿锯鳐的性成熟长度分为为270厘米和360厘米[7],但目前捕获最小的性成熟雄性为370厘米,雌性则为415厘米。[9]。有学者按实际数据通过冯·贝塔郎非函数反推得出雄性的性成熟年龄为7.5岁,雌性则是10-12岁。[10]

保育狀況

櫛齒鋸鰩受到捕漁、有限的棲息地及低出生率的威脅,現正處於極危狀況。[1]美國於2003年就已經立法保護它們。它們也受到《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》附錄一的保護。

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Carlson, J.; Wiley, T.; Smith, K. Pristis pectinata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013, 2013: e.T18175A141791261 [19 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T18175A141791261.en可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Poulakis, Gregg R.; Stevens, Philip W.; Timmers, Amy A.; Stafford, Christopher J.; Chapman, Demian D.; Feldheim, Kevin A.; Heupel, Michelle R.; Curtis, Caitlin. Long-term site fidelity of endangered small-tooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) from different mothers (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 2016, 114 (4): 461–475. doi:10.7755/fb.114.4.8可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ Dulvy; Davidson; Kyne; Simpfendorfer; Harrison; Carlson & Fordham. Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes (PDF). Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 2014, 26 (1): 134–153. doi:10.1002/aqc.2525可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Simpfendorfer, C.A., Wiley, T.R., and Yeiser, B.G. 2010. Improving conservation planning for an endangered sawfish using data from acoustic telemetry. Biological Conservation 143(6): 1460-1469.
  5. ^ Whitty, J.; N. Phillips & R. Scharfer. Pristis pectinata (Latham, 1794). Sawfish Conservation Society. [17 November 2017]. 
  6. ^ Norton, S., Wiley, T.R., Carlson, J.K., Frick, A.L., Poulakis, G.R., and Simpfendorfer, C.A. 2012. Designating critical habitat for the endangered smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata in the United States: challenges and results. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 4: 473-480.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Simpfendorfer, C. A. 2005. Threatened fishes of the world: Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794 (Pristidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 73: 20.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Pratt, Harold L.; Carrier, Jeffrey C. A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. Developments in environmental biology of fishes 20. 2001: 157–188. ISBN 978-90-481-5655-9. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3245-1_11.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  9. ^ Carlson, J.K. and Osborne, J. 2012. Relative abundance of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) based on the Everglades National Park Creel Survey. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-626, 15 p.
  10. ^ Scharer, R.M., Patterson, W.F., Carlson, J.K. and Poulakis, G.R. 2012. Age and growth of smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) verified with LA-ICP-MS analysis of vertebrae. PLoS One 7(10): e47850.

外部連結