龜頭球：修订间差异

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2024年2月10日 (六) 16:15的版本

龜頭球（英語：bulbus glandis）又稱莖頭球，是犬屬動物陰莖中的勃起組織（英语：Erectile tissue）^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]，用於交配時在射精前將陰莖鎖定於雌性體內。這種鎖定是透過陰莖上進入雌性陰道的圓形肌肉完成的，俗稱狗結（英語：the knot），用於避免陰莖被從陰道中抽出。這些圓形肌肉也會間歇性收縮，用於刺激精液與前列腺液射出，同時保持陰莖的硬挺。鎖定在交配後會持續一段時間，以家犬為例，便有可能持續半小時或以上，但通常時長較短^[7]。當雄性犬屬性興奮時，即使已經結紮，陰莖鞘內的龜頭球仍可能會腫脹^[8]。

部分鰭足類動物的陰莖中也存在歸投球，例如南美海獅^[9]。

參見

犬屬繁殖（英语：Canine reproduction）
交配栓（英语：Mating plug）

參考資料

^ Howard E. Evans; Alexander de Lahunta. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013-08-07. ISBN 978-0-323-26623-9 （英语）.
^ Kim Long. Wolves: A Wildlife Handbook. Big Earth Pub. 1996 [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-1-55566-158-8 （英语）.
^ L. David Mech. Wolf. Random House Digital, Inc. 2012-05-16: 172– [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-0-307-81913-0 （英语）.
^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide. Marshall Cavendish. 2010-09-01: 252– [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-0-7614-7882-9 （英语）.
^ Debra A. Carlson. Reproductive Biology of the Coyote (Canis Latrans): Integration of Behavior and Physiology. 2008: 67– [2013-02-09]. ISBN 978-0-549-50315-6 （英语）.
^ H. M. Menino. Darwin's Fox and My Coyote. University of Virginia Press. 2008: 101– [2013-02-09]. ISBN 978-0-8139-2675-9 （英语）.
^ Susan Long. Veterinary Genetics and Reproductive Physiology. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7506-8877-2 （英语）.
^ Boy Dog Bumps - The Mysterious Bulbus Glandis. Clarendon Animal Care. March 8, 2018 [2020-06-17] （英语）.
^ Machado, Alex Sander D.; Bas, Le; Miglino, Maria Angélica; Leiser, Rudolf; Papa, Paula de Carvalho. Genital morphology of the male South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) and biological implications. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 1990-01-06, 32: 67–78. ISSN 0100-736X. doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2012001300013  （英语）.

[EvansLahunta2013-1] Howard E. Evans; Alexander de Lahunta. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013-08-07. ISBN 978-0-323-26623-9 （英语）.

[Long1996-2] Kim Long. Wolves: A Wildlife Handbook. Big Earth Pub. 1996 [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-1-55566-158-8 （英语）.

[Mech2012-3] L. David Mech. Wolf. Random House Digital, Inc. 2012-05-16: 172– [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-0-307-81913-0 （英语）.

[Corporation2010-4] Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide. Marshall Cavendish. 2010-09-01: 252– [2012-12-10]. ISBN 978-0-7614-7882-9 （英语）.

[Carlson2008-5] Debra A. Carlson. Reproductive Biology of the Coyote (Canis Latrans): Integration of Behavior and Physiology. 2008: 67– [2013-02-09]. ISBN 978-0-549-50315-6 （英语）.

[Menino2008-6] H. M. Menino. Darwin's Fox and My Coyote. University of Virginia Press. 2008: 101– [2013-02-09]. ISBN 978-0-8139-2675-9 （英语）.

[Long2006-7] Susan Long. Veterinary Genetics and Reproductive Physiology. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7506-8877-2 （英语）.

[8] Boy Dog Bumps - The Mysterious Bulbus Glandis. Clarendon Animal Care. March 8, 2018 [2020-06-17] （英语）.

[9] Machado, Alex Sander D.; Bas, Le; Miglino, Maria Angélica; Leiser, Rudolf; Papa, Paula de Carvalho. Genital morphology of the male South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) and biological implications. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 1990-01-06, 32: 67–78. ISSN 0100-736X. doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2012001300013  （英语）.

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