洞穴學：修订间差异

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2024年2月15日 (四) 08:25的最新版本

洞穴學是一門科學的研究，研究洞穴，喀斯特地貌特徵，結構，物理性質，化學性質，歷史，生命形式和形成過程(speleogenesis)和隨時間而改變(speleomorphology)。探索洞窟有時也是休閒活動，洞穴學和探索往往相連。洞窟是一個跨學科的領域，結合化學，生物學，地質學，物理學，氣象學和製圖的知識來開發複雜的洞穴的，同時亦是不斷發展的系統。

歷史[编辑]

洞穴地質和水文[编辑]

地球化學石筍[编辑]

洞穴製圖[编辑]

洞穴生物[编辑]

洞穴科學的其他領域[编辑]

參考[编辑]

外部链接[编辑]

Different Types of Erosion （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
National Speleological Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The Virtual Cave （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, an online guide to speleothems
Biospeleology; The Biology of Caves, Karst, and Groundwater （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Texas Natural Science Center, the University of Texas at Austin and the Missouri Department of Conservation
Speleogenesis Network, a communication platform for physical speleology and karst science research
National Cave Research and Protection Organization （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, India
cave-biology.org Cave biology, biospeleology in India
Cave Biota; an evolving "webumentary", sponsored by Hoosier National Forest and Indiana Karst Conservancy
IJS – Home Page (International Journal of Speleology) (in English, Italian, French, German, and Spanish)
Caving News （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Daily news and articles on caves, caving, speleology, karst and other information for cavers.

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 == 外部链接 ==
-* [https://books.google.com/books?id=08-3BgAAQBAJ&dq=speleology&pg=PT29 Different Types of Erosion]
+* [https://books.google.com/books?id=08-3BgAAQBAJ&dq=speleology&pg=PT29 Different Types of Erosion] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08-3BgAAQBAJ&dq=speleology&pg=PT29 |date=20231004154721 }}
-* [http://caves.org/ National Speleological Society]
+* [http://caves.org/ National Speleological Society] {{Wayback|url=http://caves.org/ |date=20240210021103 }}
-* [http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/index.html The Virtual Cave], an online guide to speleothems
+* [http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/index.html The Virtual Cave] {{Wayback|url=http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/index.html |date=20201112021421 }}, an online guide to speleothems
-* [http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/sponsored_sites/biospeleology Biospeleology; The Biology of Caves, Karst, and Groundwater], by Texas Natural Science Center, the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and the [[Missouri Department of Conservation]]
+* [http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/sponsored_sites/biospeleology Biospeleology; The Biology of Caves, Karst, and Groundwater] {{Wayback|url=http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/sponsored_sites/biospeleology |date=20131002080923 }}, by Texas Natural Science Center, the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and the [[Missouri Department of Conservation]]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119214928/http://www.network.speleogenesis.info/index.php Speleogenesis Network], a communication platform for physical speleology and karst science research
-* [http://www.caves.res.in/ National Cave Research and Protection Organization], India
+* [http://www.caves.res.in/ National Cave Research and Protection Organization] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caves.res.in/ |date=20130925181043 }}, India
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060818112024/http://www.cave-biology.org/ cave-biology.org Cave biology], biospeleology in [[India]]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151206164020/http://www.cavebiota.com/ Cave Biota; an evolving "webumentary"], sponsored by [[Hoosier National Forest]] and Indiana Karst Conservancy
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150508103516/http://www.ijs.speleo.it/ IJS – Home Page] (International Journal of Speleology) (in English, Italian, French, German, and Spanish)
-* [http://cavingnews.com/ Caving News], Daily news and articles on caves, caving, speleology, karst and other information for cavers.
+* [http://cavingnews.com/ Caving News] {{Wayback|url=http://cavingnews.com/ |date=20151212031055 }}, Daily news and articles on caves, caving, speleology, karst and other information for cavers.
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 [[Category:洞穴学]]