2024年芬蘭總統選舉

**2024年芬兰总统选举**
投票率	71.55%（首轮投票）; 67.58%（次轮投票）
选前总统; 绍利·尼尼斯托; 无党籍	當選总统 ; 亚历山大·斯图布; 民族联合党

2024年1月28日，芬兰总统选举于星期日举行。选民选举新共和国总统，任期6年。^[1] 现任总统绍利·尼尼斯托任期屆滿，因此不能竞选连任，所以总统当选人将是该国第13任总统。

由于在1月28日举行的首轮投票中没有候选人得票超过半数，得票最多的两位候选人亚历山大·斯图布和佩卡·哈维斯托随后于2月11日举行的次轮投票中决出胜负，最终斯图布以51.62%的得票率赢得选举，成为新任芬兰总统。^[2]他的任期则会从3月1日开始。^[3]

背景[编辑]

这次总统选举是芬兰自2022年为应对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰而加入北大西洋公约组织以来的首次总统选举，结束了数十年的外交政策中立。总统绍利·尼尼斯托表示宪法规定总统兼任芬兰国防军总司令，并负责国防和外交政策事务。尼尼斯托是唯一一位在2018年连任期间在第一轮投票中以绝对多数（62.7%）当选的芬兰总统，自2021年以来，他的支持率已超过90%。

侯选人[编辑]

候选人（姓名和年龄）及所属政党		备注
米卡·阿尔托拉（英语：Mika Aaltola）（54）独立参选	无其他职位 Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (since 2019)	Aaltola, the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, gained media attention during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and emerged as a surprise candidate in multiple presidential surveys. He announced his candidacy on 3 August 2023.
莉·安德松（英语：Li Andersson）（36）左翼联盟	左翼联盟领袖（2016年至今）其他职位 Minister of Education (2019–2020, 2021–2023) MP for Finland Proper (since 2015)	Andersson served as Minister of Education in the Marin Cabinet from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2023. She is the current leader of the Left Alliance. Anderson has consistently been one of the most popular candidates in her own electoral district.
萨丽·埃萨耶（56）基督教民主党	农林业部长（英语：Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)）（2023年至今）其他职位 Leader of the Christian Democrats (since 2015) MP for Savo-Karelia (since 2015) MEP (2009–2014)	Essayah has served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Orpo Cabinet since 2023. Essayah had a successful career in sports before entering politics. She is the current leader of the Christian Democrats.
佩卡·哈维斯托（65）独立参选（绿色联盟）	赫尔辛基选区（英语：Helsinki (parliamentary electoral district)）议员（1987年至1995年及2007年至今）其他职位 Minister for Foreign Affairs (2019–2023) Minister of the Environment and Development (1995–1999) Leader of the Green League (1993–1995, 2018–2019)	Haavisto, a Green League politician and United Nations diplomat, has run as a candidate for the office of President twice before, in 2012 and 2018, both times finishing second behind the incumbent President Sauli Niinistö. He is running as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Green League.
尤西·哈拉阿霍（52）正统芬兰人党	议会议长（英语：Speaker of the Parliament of Finland）（2023年至今）其他职位 Leader of the Finns Party (2017–2021) MP for Helsinki (2011–2014, since 2019) MEP (2014–2019)	Halla-aho is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. Before entering national politics, he was best known for criticising multiculturalism and Finland's immigration policies in his popular online blog.
希亚利斯·哈尔基莫（70）立刻行动	立刻行动领袖（2018年至今）其他职位 MP for Uusimaa (since 2015)	Harkimo is a businessman who has led his own political party, Movement Now, since 2018. Harkimo, who made a career as an investor in sports, also hosted the Finnish version of The Apprentice.
奥利·雷恩（61）独立参选（中间党）	芬兰银行行长（2018年至今）其他职位 Minister of Economic Affairs (2015–2016) European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (2010–2014) European Commissioner for Enlargement (2004–2010) MP for Helsinki (1991–1995, 2015–2017)	Rehn is an economist who has served as the governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. He previously served as a European Commissioner from 2004 to 2014. Rehn runs in the election as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Centre Party.
亚历山大·斯图布（55）民族联合党	第43任总理（2014年至2015年）其他职位 Minister of Finance (2015–2016) Minister for European Affairs and Trade (2011–2014) Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011) Leader of the National Coalition Party (2014–2016) MEP (2004–2008) MP for Uusimaa (2011–2017)	Stubb began his career in politics in 2004, when he was elected to the European Parliament. After holding several offices as a minister, he served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. In the summer of 2017, Stubb was appointed Vice President of the European Investment Bank. He currently serves as a professor and the head of a unit at the European University Institute.
尤塔·乌尔皮莱宁（48）社会民主党	歐盟國際夥伴關係事務專員（英语：European Commissioner for International Partnerships）（2019年至今）其他职位 Minister of Finance (2011–2014) Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (2008–2014) MP for Vaasa (2003–2019)	Urpilainen is the incumbent European Commissioner from Finland. A long-time MP and leader of the Social Democratic Party, she served as the Minister of Finance from 2011 to 2014.

活動[编辑]

选举结果[编辑]


候选人		政党	第一轮		第二轮
候选人		政党	票数	%	票数	%
	亚历山大·斯图布	民族联合党	882,388	27.21	1,575,211	51.62
	佩卡·哈维斯托	独立参选（绿色联盟）^[a]	836,712	25.80	1,476,548	48.38
	尤西·哈拉阿霍	正统芬兰人党	615,802	18.99
	奥利·雷恩	独立参选（中间党）^[b]	496,759	15.32
	莉·安德松（英语：Li Andersson）	左翼联盟	158,579	4.89
	尤塔·乌尔皮莱宁	社会民主党	140,867	4.34
	萨丽·埃萨耶	基督教民主党	47,847	1.48
	米卡·阿尔托拉（英语：Mika Aaltola）	独立参选	47,467	1.46
	希亚利斯·哈尔基莫	立刻行动	17,030	0.53
总共			3,243,451	100.00	3,051,759	100.00

有效票数			3,243,451	99.72	3,051,759	99.33
无效及空白票数			9,095	0.28	20,570	0.67
总票数			3,252,546	100.00	3,072,329	100.00
已登记选民／投票率			4,546,041	71.55	4,546,041	67.58
资料来源：Ministry of Justice (First round, Second round)

註釋[编辑]

^ 即使佩卡·哈维斯托以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得綠色聯盟的背書。
^ 即使奥利·雷恩以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得中间党背書。

參考文獻[编辑]

^ Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27] （芬兰语）.
^ Teivainen, Aleksi. Stubb beats Haavisto in Finland's closest-ever presidential election. Helsinki Times. 2024-02-11 [2024-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-11）（英国英语）.
^ Schedule in the Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27].

[4] 即使佩卡·哈维斯托以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得綠色聯盟的背書。

[5] 即使奥利·雷恩以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得中间党背書。

[1] Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27] （芬兰语）.

[2] Teivainen, Aleksi. Stubb beats Haavisto in Finland's closest-ever presidential election. Helsinki Times. 2024-02-11 [2024-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-11）（英国英语）.

[3] Schedule in the Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[a]

[b]

候选人（姓名和年龄）及所属政党		备注
米卡·阿尔托拉（英语：Mika Aaltola）（54）独立参选	无其他职位 Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (since 2019)	Aaltola, the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, gained media attention during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and emerged as a surprise candidate in multiple presidential surveys. He announced his candidacy on 3 August 2023.
莉·安德松（英语：Li Andersson）（36）左翼联盟	左翼联盟领袖（2016年至今）其他职位 Minister of Education (2019–2020, 2021–2023) MP for Finland Proper (since 2015)	Andersson served as Minister of Education in the Marin Cabinet from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2023. She is the current leader of the Left Alliance. Anderson has consistently been one of the most popular candidates in her own electoral district.
萨丽·埃萨耶（56）基督教民主党	农林业部长（英语：Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)）（2023年至今）其他职位 Leader of the Christian Democrats (since 2015) MP for Savo-Karelia (since 2015) MEP (2009–2014)	Essayah has served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Orpo Cabinet since 2023. Essayah had a successful career in sports before entering politics. She is the current leader of the Christian Democrats.
佩卡·哈维斯托（65）独立参选（绿色联盟）	赫尔辛基选区（英语：Helsinki (parliamentary electoral district)）议员（1987年至1995年及2007年至今）其他职位 Minister for Foreign Affairs (2019–2023) Minister of the Environment and Development (1995–1999) Leader of the Green League (1993–1995, 2018–2019)	Haavisto, a Green League politician and United Nations diplomat, has run as a candidate for the office of President twice before, in 2012 and 2018, both times finishing second behind the incumbent President Sauli Niinistö. He is running as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Green League.
尤西·哈拉阿霍（52）正统芬兰人党	议会议长（英语：Speaker of the Parliament of Finland）（2023年至今）其他职位 Leader of the Finns Party (2017–2021) MP for Helsinki (2011–2014, since 2019) MEP (2014–2019)	Halla-aho is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. Before entering national politics, he was best known for criticising multiculturalism and Finland's immigration policies in his popular online blog.
希亚利斯·哈尔基莫（70）立刻行动	立刻行动领袖（2018年至今）其他职位 MP for Uusimaa (since 2015)	Harkimo is a businessman who has led his own political party, Movement Now, since 2018. Harkimo, who made a career as an investor in sports, also hosted the Finnish version of The Apprentice.
奥利·雷恩（61）独立参选（中间党）	芬兰银行行长（2018年至今）其他职位 Minister of Economic Affairs (2015–2016) European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (2010–2014) European Commissioner for Enlargement (2004–2010) MP for Helsinki (1991–1995, 2015–2017)	Rehn is an economist who has served as the governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. He previously served as a European Commissioner from 2004 to 2014. Rehn runs in the election as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Centre Party.
亚历山大·斯图布（55）民族联合党	第43任总理（2014年至2015年）其他职位 Minister of Finance (2015–2016) Minister for European Affairs and Trade (2011–2014) Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011) Leader of the National Coalition Party (2014–2016) MEP (2004–2008) MP for Uusimaa (2011–2017)	Stubb began his career in politics in 2004, when he was elected to the European Parliament. After holding several offices as a minister, he served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. In the summer of 2017, Stubb was appointed Vice President of the European Investment Bank. He currently serves as a professor and the head of a unit at the European University Institute.
尤塔·乌尔皮莱宁（48）社会民主党	歐盟國際夥伴關係事務專員（英语：European Commissioner for International Partnerships）（2019年至今）其他职位 Minister of Finance (2011–2014) Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (2008–2014) MP for Vaasa (2003–2019)	Urpilainen is the incumbent European Commissioner from Finland. A long-time MP and leader of the Social Democratic Party, she served as the Minister of Finance from 2011 to 2014.