2024年芬蘭總統選舉

**2024年芬蘭總統選舉**
投票率	71.55%（首輪投票）; 67.58%（次輪投票）
選前總統; 紹利·尼尼斯托; 無黨籍	當選總統 ; 亞歷山大·斯圖布; 民族聯合黨

2024年1月28日，芬蘭總統選舉於星期日舉行。選民選舉新共和國總統，任期6年。^[1] 現任總統紹利·尼尼斯托任期屆滿，因此不能競選連任，所以總統當選人將是該國第13任總統。

由於在1月28日舉行的首輪投票中沒有候選人得票超過半數，得票最多的兩位候選人亞歷山大·斯圖布和佩卡·哈維斯托隨後於2月11日舉行的次輪投票中決出勝負，最終斯圖布以51.62%的得票率贏得選舉，成為新任芬蘭總統。^[2]他的任期則會從3月1日開始。^[3]

背景[編輯]

這次總統選舉是芬蘭自2022年為應對俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭而加入北大西洋公約組織以來的首次總統選舉，結束了數十年的外交政策中立。總統紹利·尼尼斯托表示憲法規定總統兼任芬蘭國防軍總司令，並負責國防和外交政策事務。尼尼斯托是唯一一位在2018年連任期間在第一輪投票中以絕對多數（62.7%）當選的芬蘭總統，自2021年以來，他的支持率已超過90%。

侯選人[編輯]

候選人（姓名和年齡）及所屬政黨		備註
米卡·阿爾托拉（英語：Mika Aaltola）（54）獨立參選	無其他職位 Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (since 2019)	Aaltola, the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, gained media attention during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and emerged as a surprise candidate in multiple presidential surveys. He announced his candidacy on 3 August 2023.
莉·安德松（英語：Li Andersson）（36）左翼聯盟	左翼聯盟領袖（2016年至今）其他職位 Minister of Education (2019–2020, 2021–2023) MP for Finland Proper (since 2015)	Andersson served as Minister of Education in the Marin Cabinet from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2023. She is the current leader of the Left Alliance. Anderson has consistently been one of the most popular candidates in her own electoral district.
薩麗·埃薩耶（56）基督教民主黨	農林業部長（英語：Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)）（2023年至今）其他職位 Leader of the Christian Democrats (since 2015) MP for Savo-Karelia (since 2015) MEP (2009–2014)	Essayah has served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Orpo Cabinet since 2023. Essayah had a successful career in sports before entering politics. She is the current leader of the Christian Democrats.
佩卡·哈維斯托（65）獨立參選（綠色聯盟）	赫爾辛基選區（英語：Helsinki (parliamentary electoral district)）議員（1987年至1995年及2007年至今）其他職位 Minister for Foreign Affairs (2019–2023) Minister of the Environment and Development (1995–1999) Leader of the Green League (1993–1995, 2018–2019)	Haavisto, a Green League politician and United Nations diplomat, has run as a candidate for the office of President twice before, in 2012 and 2018, both times finishing second behind the incumbent President Sauli Niinistö. He is running as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Green League.
尤西·哈拉阿霍（52）正統芬蘭人黨	議會議長（英語：Speaker of the Parliament of Finland）（2023年至今）其他職位 Leader of the Finns Party (2017–2021) MP for Helsinki (2011–2014, since 2019) MEP (2014–2019)	Halla-aho is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. Before entering national politics, he was best known for criticising multiculturalism and Finland's immigration policies in his popular online blog.
希亞利斯·哈爾基莫（70）立刻行動	立刻行動領袖（2018年至今）其他職位 MP for Uusimaa (since 2015)	Harkimo is a businessman who has led his own political party, Movement Now, since 2018. Harkimo, who made a career as an investor in sports, also hosted the Finnish version of The Apprentice.
奧利·雷恩（61）獨立參選（中間黨）	芬蘭銀行行長（2018年至今）其他職位 Minister of Economic Affairs (2015–2016) European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (2010–2014) European Commissioner for Enlargement (2004–2010) MP for Helsinki (1991–1995, 2015–2017)	Rehn is an economist who has served as the governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. He previously served as a European Commissioner from 2004 to 2014. Rehn runs in the election as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Centre Party.
亞歷山大·斯圖布（55）民族聯合黨	第43任總理（2014年至2015年）其他職位 Minister of Finance (2015–2016) Minister for European Affairs and Trade (2011–2014) Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011) Leader of the National Coalition Party (2014–2016) MEP (2004–2008) MP for Uusimaa (2011–2017)	Stubb began his career in politics in 2004, when he was elected to the European Parliament. After holding several offices as a minister, he served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. In the summer of 2017, Stubb was appointed Vice President of the European Investment Bank. He currently serves as a professor and the head of a unit at the European University Institute.
尤塔·烏爾皮萊寧（48）社會民主黨	歐盟國際夥伴關係事務專員（英語：European Commissioner for International Partnerships）（2019年至今）其他職位 Minister of Finance (2011–2014) Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (2008–2014) MP for Vaasa (2003–2019)	Urpilainen is the incumbent European Commissioner from Finland. A long-time MP and leader of the Social Democratic Party, she served as the Minister of Finance from 2011 to 2014.

活動[編輯]

選舉結果[編輯]


候選人		政黨	第一輪		第二輪
候選人		政黨	票數	%	票數	%
	亞歷山大·斯圖布	民族聯合黨	882,388	27.21	1,575,211	51.62
	佩卡·哈維斯托	獨立參選（綠色聯盟）^[a]	836,712	25.80	1,476,548	48.38
	尤西·哈拉阿霍	正統芬蘭人黨	615,802	18.99
	奧利·雷恩	獨立參選（中間黨）^[b]	496,759	15.32
	莉·安德松（英語：Li Andersson）	左翼聯盟	158,579	4.89
	尤塔·烏爾皮萊寧	社會民主黨	140,867	4.34
	薩麗·埃薩耶	基督教民主黨	47,847	1.48
	米卡·阿爾托拉（英語：Mika Aaltola）	獨立參選	47,467	1.46
	希亞利斯·哈爾基莫	立刻行動	17,030	0.53
總共			3,243,451	100.00	3,051,759	100.00

有效票數			3,243,451	99.72	3,051,759	99.33
無效及空白票數			9,095	0.28	20,570	0.67
總票數			3,252,546	100.00	3,072,329	100.00
已登記選民／投票率			4,546,041	71.55	4,546,041	67.58
資料來源：Ministry of Justice (First round, Second round)

註釋[編輯]

^ 即使佩卡·哈維斯托以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得綠色聯盟的背書。
^ 即使奧利·雷恩以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得中間黨背書。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27] （芬蘭語）.
^ Teivainen, Aleksi. Stubb beats Haavisto in Finland's closest-ever presidential election. Helsinki Times. 2024-02-11 [2024-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-11）（英國英語）.
^ Schedule in the Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27].

[4] 即使佩卡·哈維斯托以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得綠色聯盟的背書。

[5] 即使奧利·雷恩以獨立人士名義參選，他的參選獲得中間黨背書。

[1] Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27] （芬蘭語）.

[2] Teivainen, Aleksi. Stubb beats Haavisto in Finland's closest-ever presidential election. Helsinki Times. 2024-02-11 [2024-02-13]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-11）（英國英語）.

[3] Schedule in the Presidential Election. Vaalit. [2024-01-27].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[a]

[b]

候選人（姓名和年齡）及所屬政黨		備註
米卡·阿爾托拉（英語：Mika Aaltola）（54）獨立參選	無其他職位 Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (since 2019)	Aaltola, the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, gained media attention during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and emerged as a surprise candidate in multiple presidential surveys. He announced his candidacy on 3 August 2023.
莉·安德松（英語：Li Andersson）（36）左翼聯盟	左翼聯盟領袖（2016年至今）其他職位 Minister of Education (2019–2020, 2021–2023) MP for Finland Proper (since 2015)	Andersson served as Minister of Education in the Marin Cabinet from 2019 to 2020 and again from 2021 to 2023. She is the current leader of the Left Alliance. Anderson has consistently been one of the most popular candidates in her own electoral district.
薩麗·埃薩耶（56）基督教民主黨	農林業部長（英語：Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)）（2023年至今）其他職位 Leader of the Christian Democrats (since 2015) MP for Savo-Karelia (since 2015) MEP (2009–2014)	Essayah has served as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Orpo Cabinet since 2023. Essayah had a successful career in sports before entering politics. She is the current leader of the Christian Democrats.
佩卡·哈維斯托（65）獨立參選（綠色聯盟）	赫爾辛基選區（英語：Helsinki (parliamentary electoral district)）議員（1987年至1995年及2007年至今）其他職位 Minister for Foreign Affairs (2019–2023) Minister of the Environment and Development (1995–1999) Leader of the Green League (1993–1995, 2018–2019)	Haavisto, a Green League politician and United Nations diplomat, has run as a candidate for the office of President twice before, in 2012 and 2018, both times finishing second behind the incumbent President Sauli Niinistö. He is running as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Green League.
尤西·哈拉阿霍（52）正統芬蘭人黨	議會議長（英語：Speaker of the Parliament of Finland）（2023年至今）其他職位 Leader of the Finns Party (2017–2021) MP for Helsinki (2011–2014, since 2019) MEP (2014–2019)	Halla-aho is the current Speaker of the Parliament of Finland. Before entering national politics, he was best known for criticising multiculturalism and Finland's immigration policies in his popular online blog.
希亞利斯·哈爾基莫（70）立刻行動	立刻行動領袖（2018年至今）其他職位 MP for Uusimaa (since 2015)	Harkimo is a businessman who has led his own political party, Movement Now, since 2018. Harkimo, who made a career as an investor in sports, also hosted the Finnish version of The Apprentice.
奧利·雷恩（61）獨立參選（中間黨）	芬蘭銀行行長（2018年至今）其他職位 Minister of Economic Affairs (2015–2016) European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (2010–2014) European Commissioner for Enlargement (2004–2010) MP for Helsinki (1991–1995, 2015–2017)	Rehn is an economist who has served as the governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. He previously served as a European Commissioner from 2004 to 2014. Rehn runs in the election as a candidate of a constituency association with the endorsement of the Centre Party.
亞歷山大·斯圖布（55）民族聯合黨	第43任總理（2014年至2015年）其他職位 Minister of Finance (2015–2016) Minister for European Affairs and Trade (2011–2014) Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011) Leader of the National Coalition Party (2014–2016) MEP (2004–2008) MP for Uusimaa (2011–2017)	Stubb began his career in politics in 2004, when he was elected to the European Parliament. After holding several offices as a minister, he served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. In the summer of 2017, Stubb was appointed Vice President of the European Investment Bank. He currently serves as a professor and the head of a unit at the European University Institute.
尤塔·烏爾皮萊寧（48）社會民主黨	歐盟國際夥伴關係事務專員（英語：European Commissioner for International Partnerships）（2019年至今）其他職位 Minister of Finance (2011–2014) Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (2008–2014) MP for Vaasa (2003–2019)	Urpilainen is the incumbent European Commissioner from Finland. A long-time MP and leader of the Social Democratic Party, she served as the Minister of Finance from 2011 to 2014.