User:ErwinTATP/荣耀归于乌克兰

维基百科，自由的百科全书
哈爾科夫独立纪念碑上的口号

“荣耀归于乌克兰”（烏克蘭語：Слава Україні! Героям слава!，羅馬化：Slava Ukraini! Heroiam slava!；翻译：“荣耀归于乌克兰!荣耀归于英雄!”）是乌克兰的国家敬礼口号。该口号以各种变体出现在20世纪初，1917-1921年烏克蘭獨立戰爭期间在乌克兰族中广为流传。[1]

历史[编辑]

起源[编辑]

塔拉斯·谢甫琴科，诗人

形近的口号“乌克兰的荣耀”（烏克蘭語：Слава України）至少可追溯到乌克兰大诗人谢甫琴科。1840年的诗歌《致奥斯诺维安年科》中写道：[2]

“荣耀归于乌克兰！”（烏克蘭語：Слава Україні）口号及回应“荣光普照全球！”（烏克蘭語：По всій землі слава），已知最早的使用可联系到19世纪末——20世纪初哈尔科夫乌克兰学生团体。[3]

20世纪[编辑]

乌克兰巴扎利托韦亚诺瓦多利纳大屠杀遗址，二战烏克蘭反抗軍游击队员纪念碑。碑文有“荣耀归于乌克兰！荣耀归于英雄！”字样。

“Slava Ukraini!”（“荣耀归于乌克兰！”）口号最早出现在1917至1921年烏克蘭獨立戰爭的各部队中。[4]1920年代成为乌克兰民族主义者用语。[4][nb 1]

如今使用的回应“Heroiam slava!”（荣耀归于英雄！）出现在1930年代，乌克兰民族主义者组织（OUN）和烏克蘭反抗軍（UPA）[4]用来纪念苏维埃-乌克兰战争时期的老兵，包括OUN领袖Yevhen Konovalets。1941年4月，“荣耀归于乌克兰！荣耀归于英雄！”成为斯捷潘·班傑拉的亲纳粹组织——OUN激进派的口号。[5][4]第二次世界大战期间，OUN成员经常使用该口号，往往搭配羅馬式敬禮。[6] 当时的库班哥萨克也使用“荣耀归于英雄！”口号。[7]

20世纪80年代末至90年代初，“荣耀归于乌克兰！”口号出现在游行示威中。[4]1991年乌克兰宣布独立，“荣耀归于乌克兰”成为司空见惯的爱国口号。1995年，美国总统克林顿在基輔发表讲话时使用了该口号，紧接着说“上帝保佑美国”。[8]

21世纪[编辑]

乌克兰PrivatBank借记卡，上写“荣耀归于乌克兰”口号和“荣耀归于英雄”回应。

2014年烏克蘭革命复兴了“荣耀归于乌克兰！”口号，成为流行的反抗名言。[9]2014年9月，乌克兰总统彼得·波罗申科在华盛顿对美国国会发表讲话便以此句收尾。[10]

2018年7月10日，乌克兰支持者涌入国际足联的Facebook主页，留下超过15.8万条评论，内容大多是“荣耀归于乌克兰”。当时克罗地亚在世界杯取胜，助教在一条庆功视频中使用该口号，遭国际足联处罚。俄罗斯认为该口号有极端民族主义内涵，因其流传可归功于二战时的乌克兰民族主义者组织等亲纳粹团体。[11]烏克蘭足球總會发表声明称“荣耀归于乌克兰”是“乌克兰常见的问候……不应看做侵略或挑衅举动。”[12]

2018年8月9日，波罗申科总统宣布“荣耀归于乌克兰”为乌克兰武装部队的正式问候，取代原来使用的“同志们好”（烏克蘭語：Вітаю товариші，羅馬化：Vitayu tovaryshi）。[13]2018年8月24日，基辅独立日阅兵使用该口号。[14]乌克兰最高拉达于2018年9月6日和10月4日通过总统提出的口号法案（一读），[15]同时将“荣耀归于乌克兰”指定为乌克兰国家警察的正式问候。[16]

2018年9月7日，乌克兰国家足球队在欧洲国家联赛对阵捷克，球衣上印有该口号。[17]欧足联认为该口号“过分政治化、军事化”，要求烏克蘭足球總會撤掉。[18]

世界领导人问候乌克兰时也常用该口号。[19]

2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰[编辑]

2022年2月27日，华盛顿一场反战游行中的“荣耀归于乌克兰”标语牌。

The phrase has become very popular among Ukrainian soldiers and their supporters during the Russo-Ukrainian War following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[20] During the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the slogan is seeing worldwide use by protesters in solidarity with Ukraine all over the world, accompanying various demands towards the Russian embassies and the relevant national governments such as excluding Russia from SWIFT and closing airspace over Ukraine.[21] It has been used in speeches by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[22] It has also been used by foreign leaders including European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen,[23] British Prime Minister Boris Johnson[24] and New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern,[25] by the UK's Permanent Representative Barbara Woodward in a speech to the UN[26] and by commentators and media such as The Times.[27] The Norwegian Armed Forces' official composer Marcus Paus composed a song that he described as a song of resistance and that he released on 27 February 2022 under the title "Slava Ukraini!"; it was recorded by Lithuanian-Norwegian viola player Povilas Syrrist-Gelgota, who works with the Oslo Philharmonic, two days later.[28][29][30][31]

争议[编辑]

In the Soviet Union the slogan “Slava Ukraini!” was forbidden and discredited via a decades-long propaganda campaign alongside the diaspora Ukrainian nationalists who used it.[9][4] They were dubbed "Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists", "Banderites", and "Nazi henchmen" by Soviet authorities.[9] Modern Russia followed the similar trend when the slogan was characterised as a fascist slogan, notably during the Russo-Ukrainian War.[32]

Beyond the border of Europe, the song Glory to Hong Kong drew inspiration from the slogan for use in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[33] This was received extremely negatively in mainland China, with the Chinese accusing Ukraine of meddling in Hong Kong affairs under the order of the United States, and was not censored by the Great Firewall of the Chinese government.[34][35]

参见[编辑]

Notes[编辑]

  1. ^ In his monumental book Kholodny Yar, Yuriy Horlis-Horskyi writes that he heard this phrase from several insurgents, who fought in the Kholodny Yar Ukrainian partisan movement (1918–1923).他们经常以“Slava Ukraini!”相互致意，回应必须是“Ukraini Slava!”（同样意为“荣耀归于乌克兰”，调换了语序）。[4]

References[编辑]

  1. ^ "Glory to Ukraine!": Who and when was the slogan created?. www.istpravda.com.ua. [2020-06-21]. 
  2. ^ 塔拉斯·谢甫琴科. 谢甫琴科：诗选. 由梦海翻译. 上海译文出版社. 1983: 81. OCLC 18876896 （中文）. 
  3. ^ Юзич Юрій. Хто і коли вигадав гасло «Слава Україні!» [Електронний ресурс] // Історична правда. — 4 October 2018. — Режим доступу: https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2018/10/4/153036/
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Why Is the International Media Still Repeating Kremlin Propaganda about Ukraine?, Atlantic Council (13 July 2018)
    （烏克蘭語） "Glory to Ukraine!" – the story of the slogan of the struggle for independence, Radio Free Europe (19 June 2017)
  5. ^ Ivan Katchanovski (2004). "The Politics of World War II in Contemporary Ukraine". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. p. 214.
  6. ^ Rossoliński-Liebe, Grzegorz. Celebrating Fascism and War Criminality in Edmonton. The Political Myth and Cult of Stepan Bandera in Multicultural Canada, in: in Kakanien Revisited 12 (2010): 1–16. （英语）. 
  7. ^ Родом з України [Born in Ukraine]. The Ukrainian Week. 2011-06-29 [2014-12-28] （乌克兰语）. 
  8. ^ Jehl, Douglas. Thousands Turn Out to Cheer Clinton in Ukraine. The New York Times. 1995-05-13 [2018-07-10]. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 New 'Glory to Ukraine' army chant invokes nationalist past. Deutsche Welle. 2018-08-24. 
  10. ^ Poroshenko, Petro. Ukrainian President Address to Congress. C-SPAN. Washington, D.C.: C-SPAN. 2014-09-18 [2018-11-30]. 
  11. ^ World Cup 2018 Gets Political: The Nazi and anti-Russian Roots of 'Glory to Ukraine'. Ha'aretz. 2018-07-15 （英语）. 
  12. ^ Angry Ukraine Fans Deluge FIFA's Facebook Page With Posts. The New York Times. [2018-07-11] （英语）. 
  13. ^ Poroshenko, Petro. President: The words "Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!" will be the official greetings of the Armed Forces of our state. PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE Official website. Government of Ukraine. [2018-08-11]. 
  14. ^ Ukraine's Independence Day military parade in Kyiv. The Ukrainian Week. [2018-08-24]. 
  15. ^ Verkhovna Rada approves military salute ‘Glory to Ukraine!’, 112 Ukraine (6 September 2018)
    Ukraine's parliament approves new army, police greeting, UNIAN (4 October 2018)
  16. ^ Rada approves salute 'Glory to Ukraine' in Ukrainian army, Interfax-Ukraine (4 October 2018)
  17. ^ 'Glory to Ukraine' slogan appears at official kits of national football team. 112.international. [2018-09-07] （美国英语）. 
  18. ^ Ukraine's newly unveiled Euros kit sparks fury in Moscow. the42.ie. [2021-06-10]. 
  19. ^ kotyhoroh, How FIFA chose to become part of the Russian propaganda narrative (Short version), 2018-07-09 [2018-07-10] 
  20. ^ 引证错误：没有为名为:1的参考文献提供内容
  21. ^ Articles, The Times Leading. The Times view on Ukraine’s courage: Slava Ukraini!. [2022-02-27]. ISSN 0140-0460 （英语）. 
  22. ^ ‘We won’t put down weapons’: Zelenskyy vows to fight on in Kyiv. Al Jazeera English. [2022-03-01]. 
  23. ^ Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on the Russian aggression against Ukraine. European Commission. [2022-03-02]. 
  24. ^ PM statement to the House of Commons on Ukraine: 24 February 2022. Gov.uk. [2022-03-01]. And in that spirit I join you in saying slava Ukraini. 
  25. ^ Russia invasion of Ukraine: 'Slava Ukraini' - NZ Parliament condemns 'bully' Putin. NZ Herald. [2022-03-01]. 
  26. ^ If we do not stand up now, then every nation is at risk: UK statement to the General Assembly on Ukraine. Gov.uk. [2022-03-01]. So our message today is simple: We offer our unequivocal support for Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. We call on President Putin to stop this senseless war. And we urge all fellow Members of the United Nations to speak up for Ukraine and to defend the Charter. Slava Ukraini! 
  27. ^ The Times view on Ukraine’s courage: Slava Ukraini!. The Times. [2022-03-01]. 
  28. ^ Syrrist-Gelgota, Povilas. Marcus Paus "Slava Ukraini" for viola solo. [2022-03-01]. 
  29. ^ Paus, Marcus. Slava Ukraini!. [2022-02-27]. 
  30. ^ Paus, Marcus. Slava Ukraini!. [2022-03-01]. 
  31. ^ Marcus Paus: Slava Ukraini!. Norsk Musikforlag. [2022-02-28]. 
  32. ^ Schreck, Carl. 'Glory To Ukraine!' Is The New National Team's Soccer Slogan A Rallying Cry Or A Fascist Call?. rferl.org. 2018-09-07 [2021-06-14]. 
  33. ^ Hong Kong Protesters Draw Inspiration from Ukraine's Maidan | Wilson Center. 
  34. ^ 中国香港绝对不能成为下一个乌克兰！. 
  35. ^ 乌克兰"新纳粹"老兵现身香港，还到了港理大. 

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