尾腔纲

尾腔纲
	Anterior 1.4 mm of a fixed and stained specimen of Falcidens sp.
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	尾腔纲 Caudofoveata
科及属
	见内文

尾腔亚纲（学名：Caudofoveata，亦作Chaetodermomorpha）是动物界软体动物门之下无板纲下的一个亚纲^[1]。

解剖[编辑]

尾腔纲物种有细小（1-30 mm）的体型，是一类主要在深海生活的软体动物。这些动物的身体就像虫子，没有外壳、骨板或肉足之类具特征的身体部份，只是有鳞片或钙质的骨片（英语：sclerite），以帮助移动。

生态[编辑]

尾腔纲物种通过在软泥沙挖掘出洞穴而在里面居住，进食时会垂直躺在沉积物中只露出口器，吞吃在附近通过的有机碎屑。在有性生殖过程中，雌性产卵受精和育卵，直至幼虫时就可自由游动。

食性[编辑]

本纲物种以有孔虫（foramanifera）为食^[2]。

分类[编辑]

本纲物种过往常与沟腹纲（Solenogastres）合称为无板纲（Aplacophora），但有其他文献指无板纲乃并系群^[3]。

过往当生物分类学纯綷以形态学为分类准则之时，无板纲物种曾被以为跟海参同类，这一点可在1987年之前的分类中看见。从1987年起，无板纲得到确认为软体动物门一个独立的纲。当时的无板纲由两个群组成，分别为^[4]：

沟腹亚纲（Solenogastres）：亦作新月贝目，WoRMS把本分类提至纲级^[5]^[6]。
尾腔亚纲（Caudofoveata）：亦作毛皮贝目，同样地WoRMS亦把本分类提至纲级^[7]

这两个群最初以为只是并系群，但近年的分子数据支持两个群是单系群的论说^[8]^[9]。而从分子数据及化石的分析，无板纲很大可能是从多板纲演化，只是后来这些“板”都退化了^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]。后来沟腹亚纲和尾腔亚纲都升格至纲级。

现时本纲包括六个科、15个属、约150个物种，分别如下：

Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875^[13]
- Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981：WoRMS认为本属是Chaetoderma的异名^[14]。
- Chaetoderma
Falcidentidae：WoRMS认为本科是Chaetodermatidae的异名^[7]。
- Falcidens
- Furcillidens
- Lepoderma：WoRMS认为本属是Falcidens的异名^[13]。
Limifossoridae
- Limifossor
Metachaetodermatidae
- Metachaetoderma
Prochaetodermatidae
- Chevroderma
- Claviderma
- Lonchoderma
- Niteomica
- Prochaetoderma
- Spathoderma
Scutopodidae
- Psilodens
- Scutopus

参考文献[编辑]

^ 张文诚. 「累贅？瑰寶？」－淺談營建工地的「貝」如何化「贅」為「寶」. [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-16）（中文（繁体））.
^ Guralnick, R.; Smith, K. Historical and biomechanical analysis of integration and dissociation in molluscan feeding, with special emphasis on the true limpets (Patellogastropoda: Gastropoda). Journal of Morphology. 1999, 241 (2): 175–195. PMID 10420163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<175::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-0.
^ Giribet, G.; Okusu, A.; Lindgren, A. R.; Huff, S. W.; Schrödl, M.; Nishiguchi, M. K. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons, A (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006-05, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2017-07-03]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7723G. PMC 1472512 . PMID 16675549. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103. （原始内容存档于2019-12-15）.
^ Gonzalo Giribet, Akiko Okusu, Annie R. Lindgren, Stephanie W. Huff, Michael Schrödl, Michele K. Nishiguchi. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: Monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006-05-16, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103.
^ Solenogastres. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].
^ Gegenbaur, C. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Zweite verbesswerte Auflage.. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. 1878: 135 [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）（德语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Caudofoveata. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Kevin M. Kocot, Johanna T. Cannon, Christiane Todt, Mathew R. Citarella, Andrea B. Kohn, Achim Meyer, Scott R. Santos, Christoffer Schander, Leonid L. Moroz, Bernhard Lieb, Kenneth M. Halanych. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature. 2011/09, 477 (7365): 452–456 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10382. （原始内容存档于2018-05-29）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Stephen A. Smith, Nerida G. Wilson, Freya E. Goetz, Caitlin Feehery, Sónia C. S. Andrade, Greg W. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet, Casey W. Dunn. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature. 2011/12, 480 (7377): 364–367 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10526. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ Julia D. Sigwart, Mark D. Sutton. Deep molluscan phylogeny: synthesis of palaeontological and neontological data. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2007-10-07, 274 (1624): 2413–2419 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0701. （原始内容存档于2018-06-01）（英语）.
^ Scheltema, A.H. Aplacophora as Progenetic Aculiferans and the Coelomate Origin of Mollusks as the Sister Taxon of Sipuncula. The Biological Bulletin. 1 February 1993, (184): 57–78. JSTOR 1542380.
^ Jakob Vinther, Erik A. Sperling, Derek E. G. Briggs, Kevin J. Peterson. A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2012-04-07, 279 (1732): 1259–1268 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1773. （原始内容存档于2018-04-17）（英语）.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Bouchet, Philippe. Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-10].
^ Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-04].

外部链接[编辑]

[shellclass_17-1] 张文诚. 「累贅？瑰寶？」－淺談營建工地的「貝」如何化「贅」為「寶」. [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-16）（中文（繁体））.

[Guralnick-2] Guralnick, R.; Smith, K. Historical and biomechanical analysis of integration and dissociation in molluscan feeding, with special emphasis on the true limpets (Patellogastropoda: Gastropoda). Journal of Morphology. 1999, 241 (2): 175–195. PMID 10420163. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199908)241:2<175::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-0.

[pnas-3] Giribet, G.; Okusu, A.; Lindgren, A. R.; Huff, S. W.; Schrödl, M.; Nishiguchi, M. K. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons, A (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006-05, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2017-07-03]. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7723G. PMC 1472512 . PMID 16675549. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103. （原始内容存档于2019-12-15）.

[4] Gonzalo Giribet, Akiko Okusu, Annie R. Lindgren, Stephanie W. Huff, Michael Schrödl, Michele K. Nishiguchi. Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: Monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006-05-16, 103 (20): 7723–7728 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103.

[WoRMS_2094-5] Solenogastres. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].

[Gegenbaur_1878-6] Gegenbaur, C. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Zweite verbesswerte Auflage.. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. 1878: 135 [2017-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）（德语）.

[WoRMS_151365-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Caudofoveata. WoRMS. [2015-03-21].

[kocot2011-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Kevin M. Kocot, Johanna T. Cannon, Christiane Todt, Mathew R. Citarella, Andrea B. Kohn, Achim Meyer, Scott R. Santos, Christoffer Schander, Leonid L. Moroz, Bernhard Lieb, Kenneth M. Halanych. Phylogenomics reveals deep molluscan relationships. Nature. 2011/09, 477 (7365): 452–456 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10382. （原始内容存档于2018-05-29）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[smith2011-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Stephen A. Smith, Nerida G. Wilson, Freya E. Goetz, Caitlin Feehery, Sónia C. S. Andrade, Greg W. Rouse, Gonzalo Giribet, Casey W. Dunn. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature. 2011/12, 480 (7377): 364–367 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/nature10526. （原始内容存档于2019-04-07）（英语）. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[sigwart2007-10] Julia D. Sigwart, Mark D. Sutton. Deep molluscan phylogeny: synthesis of palaeontological and neontological data. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2007-10-07, 274 (1624): 2413–2419 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0701. （原始内容存档于2018-06-01）（英语）.

[scheltema1993-11] Scheltema, A.H. Aplacophora as Progenetic Aculiferans and the Coelomate Origin of Mollusks as the Sister Taxon of Sipuncula. The Biological Bulletin. 1 February 1993, (184): 57–78. JSTOR 1542380.

[vinther2012-12] Jakob Vinther, Erik A. Sperling, Derek E. G. Briggs, Kevin J. Peterson. A molecular palaeobiological hypothesis for the origin of aplacophoran molluscs and their derivation from chiton-like ancestors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2012-04-07, 279 (1732): 1259–1268 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1773. （原始内容存档于2018-04-17）（英语）.

[WoRMS_2089-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Bouchet, Philippe. Chaetodermatidae Théel, 1875. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-10].

[WoRMS_545010-14] Caudofoveatus D. Ivanov, 1981. WoRMS. 2010-11-10 [2017-07-04].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]