社會人格學

社會人格學（英語：Socionics）是一種誕生於1970年，將人格分為16種類型的心理學理論。此理論可以幫助預測人與人之間的關係^[1]。

人與人之間的關係是可以預測的，堅信此點的人們將他／她們的期望寄託於社會人格學之上。它是一個嶄新的心理學理論，而體現這一關係的是被定義的16種人格類型。

人格類型，也作社會人格類型，並非是短期存在的，也不是在一天或一年內就能被改變的。人格類型無關於個人的教育背景，所屬的文化階層以及他所從事的職業，它關乎的是日常環境中人與人間信息上的交換和行為上的互動^[2]。每一種人格類型既有它的優勢也有它的劣勢：在社交過程中的能動性便在於多少地受到互動一方的牽制。很多時候，屬同一類型的兩個人看似是一對雙胞胎，但事實上，他們並不存在血緣上的聯繫。這可能是人格類型由遺傳基因所決定的一個證據。

人格類型在人際關係中扮演比教育更重要的角色。心理學包含有若干種各不相同的人際關係學理論。但很多心理學家會忽略人格類型在人際關係中的影響力，而認為所有現象都取決於人後天所受的影響，如背後的文化背景，所處的社會階層，個人的成長過程和他們擁有的職業等等。就算某些接受了這人格類型一觀點的專家，他們也無法給出一個統一的答案。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Blutner R., Hochnadel E. Two qubits for C.G. Jung’s theory of personality (PDF). Cognitive Systems Research. 2010, 11 (3): 243–259 [2015-07-30]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-07-15）.
"Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiute. The name 『socionics』 is derived from the word 『society, since Augustinavicˇiute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution（see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top）（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung’s intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism（Kepinski & PZWL, 1972）. Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities."
^ Fink G. and Mayrhofer W . Cross-cultural competence and management Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-06 - setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. - 2009 . - Vol. 1. - No. 1.
Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and / or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics（founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, eg, Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998）; cybernetic mindscape theory（Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004）; the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the 'big five "personality trait model（Costa and McCrae, 1992）; the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory（MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002）

外部連結[編輯]

International Institute of Socionics
typelab.ru （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[blunter2010-1] Blutner R., Hochnadel E. Two qubits for C.G. Jung’s theory of personality (PDF). Cognitive Systems Research. 2010, 11 (3): 243–259 [2015-07-30]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-07-15）.
"Socionics was developed in the 1970s and 1980s mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Ausˇra Augustinavicˇiute. The name 『socionics』 is derived from the word 『society, since Augustinavicˇiute believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose in society, which can be described and explained by socionics. The system of socionics is in several respects similar to the MBTI; however, whereas the latter is dominantly used in the USA and Western Europe, the former is mainly used in Russia and Eastern Europe. For more information, the reader is referred to the website of the International Institute of Socionics and to several scientific journals edited by this institution（see http://socionic.info/en/esocjur.html#top）（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Despite of several similarities there are also important differences. For instance, the MBTI is based on questionnaires with so-called forced-choice questions. Forcedchoice means that the individual has to choose only one of two possible answers to each question. Obviously, such tests are self-referential. That means they are based on judgments of persons about themselves. Socionics rejects the use of such questionnaires and is based on interviews and direct observation of certain aspects of human behavior instead. However, if personality tests are well constructed and their questions are answered properly, we expect results that often make sense. For that reason, we do not reject test questions principally, but we have to take into account their self-referential character. Another difference relates to the fact that socionics tries to understand Jung’s intuitive system and to provide a deeper explanation for it, mainly in terms of informational metabolism（Kepinski & PZWL, 1972）. Further, socionics is not so much a theory of personalities per se, but much more a theory of type relations providing an analysis of the relationships that arise as a consequence of the interaction of people with different personalities."

[2] Fink G. and Mayrhofer W . Cross-cultural competence and management Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-06 - setting the stage // European J. Cross-Cultural Competence and Management. - 2009 . - Vol. 1. - No. 1.
Personality profiling encompasses numerous models that arise from personality trait theory. In the context of this article, four models deserve special attention due to their importance in personality research and / or their appropriateness for the topic: Socionics（founded in the 1970s by Ausra Augustinavichiute, eg, Augustinavichiute, 1994, 1998）; cybernetic mindscape theory（Maruyama, 1980; Boje, 2004）; the five factor model (FFM), commonly called the 'big five "personality trait model（Costa and McCrae, 1992）; the personality type theory of the Myers-Briggs type inventory（MBTI, see McKenna et al., 2002）

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相關條目[編輯]

參考文獻[編輯]

外部連結[編輯]