棕麻雀

棕麻雀（Passer motitensis）是麻雀屬的一種鳥類，生活在非洲南部的乾旱地區^[1]^[3]，體長15–16 cm厘米，看起來像是大號的家麻雀^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。它和棕背麻雀有時被視為同一種^[8]^[9]。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 BirdLife International. Passer motitensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016, 2016: e.T22736005A95122793 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22736005A95122793.en .
^ Clancey, P. A. On the original description of Passer iagoensis motitensis Smith. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 1964, 84 (6): 110.
^ Clement, Harris & Davis 1993，第453–455頁
^ Summers-Smith 1988，第80–81頁
^ Herremans, M. Great Sparrow. Harrison, J. A.; Allan, D. G.; Underhill, L. G.; Herremans, M.; Tree, A. J.; Parker, V.; Brown, C. J. (編). The Atlas of Southern African Birds (PDF) 1. BirdLife South Africa. 1997 [2021-12-13]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2012-03-03）.
^ Jensen, R. A. C. Great Sparrow. Ginn, P. J.; McIlleron, W. G.; Milstein, P. le S (編). The Complete Book of Southern African Birds. Cape Town: Struik Winchester. 1989: 650. ISBN 0-947430-11-3.
^ Sinclair, Hockey & Tarboton 2002.
^ Kirwan, Guy M. Studies of Socotran Birds III. Morphological and mensural evidence for a 'new' species in the Rufous Sparrow Passer motitensis complex endemic to the island of Abd 'Al Kuri, with the validation of Passer insularis Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 2008, 128 (2): 83–93.
^ Summers-Smith 2009.

Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John. Finches and Sparrows. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1993. ISBN 0-691-03424-9.
Sinclair, Ian; Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick. SASOL Birds of Southern Africa. Struik. 2002. ISBN 1-86872-721-1.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis. The Sparrows. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Staffs, England: T. & A. D. Poyser. 1988. ISBN 0-85661-048-8.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis. Family Passeridae (Old World Sparrows). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (編). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 2009. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7.