苔原狼

苔原狼
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
屬：	犬屬 Canis
種：	狼 C. lupus
亞種：	苔原狼 C. l. albus
三名法
	Canis lupus albus; Kerr，1792
	苔原狼分布範圍
異名
	dybowskii (Domaniewski, 1926); kamtschaticus (Dybowski, 1922); turuchanensis (Ognev, 1923);

苔原狼（學名：Canis lupus albus）是一個原於歐亞大陸苔原地帶和從芬蘭至堪察加半島叢林苔原地帶的灰狼亞種^[2]。1792年由羅伯特·克爾（英語：Robert Kerr (writer)）對苔原狼進行首次描述，描述其居住在葉尼塞河周圍，並且有著價值非常高的皮毛^[3]。

描述[編輯]

苔原狼是一個相對較大的亞種，毛非常長，濃密，蓬鬆和柔軟。毛色通常呈淺灰色。下層皮毛是鉛灰色的，而上層皮毛則是紅灰色的。雄性成年苔原狼的平均身長為118-137公分，而雌性則為112-136公分。儘管有些文獻表明苔原狼的體型比歐亞狼大，但根據近期數據顯示歐亞狼的體重比苔原狼更重。雄性苔原狼的平均體重為40-49公斤，雌性為36.6-41公斤。1951至1961年間，共在泰梅爾半島和卡寧半島捕捉了500頭狼，其中體型最大的是在泰梅爾半島杜德普塔河北部捕捉的一隻雄性老年狼，其體重達到了51公斤^[4]。

棲息地和飲食[編輯]

苔原狼通常棲息在河谷、灌木叢和森林中的空曠地區^[5]。冬季的時候，苔原狼絕大多數的時候都會以馴鹿為食，但有時候也會吃北極狐，野兔等其他動物。20世紀五十年代在涅涅茨自治區捕獲了74隻狼，其胃內殘餘的食物中93.1%都是馴鹿。夏季的時候，苔原狼則以鳥類，小型囓齒類動物和剛出生的幼年馴鹿為食^[6]。

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
^ Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6
^ Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young, Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
^ Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[MSW3_Wozencraft|id=14000738-1] Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.

[mech1981-2] Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6

[3] Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young, Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137

[heptner1998description-4] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998dens-5] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998diet-6] Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

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